Tortricidae 



on another. The coddling-moth is an importation from Europe. 

 Not all the live stock brought into America from Europe, biped 

 or hexapod, has turned out well. 



Genus ALCERIS Hubner 

 (i) Alceris minuta Robinson. (The Green Apple Leaf-tier.) 



Syn. malivorana Le Baron ; vacciniivorana Packard ; variolatia Zeller. 



The larvae of this insect feed in the early spring upon the 

 young leaves of apple- and pear-trees, which they crumple up and 

 tie together with threads of silk. Under the folded leaves they 

 live and at last undergo their transformation into the pupal state. 

 The caterpillars are green in color, and very nimble when dis- 

 turbed, dropping to the ground or 

 lowering themselves quickly upon 

 a strand of silk. The chrysalis, as 

 shown in the annexed cut, has a 

 peculiar horn-like boss or projec- 

 tion at the upper end. The insect 

 does much damage in the spring 

 by preventing the proper expan- 

 sion of the leaves in the terminal 

 buds and by devouring the blos- 

 soms. The writer has for several 

 years been greatly interested in 

 observing the manner in which 

 these pernicious little creatures 



have steadily robbed him of all fruit upon a couple of dwarf 

 pear-trees which are growing at the rear of his city home. It has 

 been found that a thorough spraying with a strong infusion of 

 tobacco stems and slaked lime brings their work to a speedy 

 end, and it is recommended to fruit-growers to resort to the 

 application of this old-fashioned remedy when needed. 



Fig. 242. Alceris minuta. a, 

 larva ; b, pupa ; c, moth ; d, folded 

 apple-leaf concealing pupa. (After 

 Riley.) 



Genus EPAGOGE Hubner 



(1) Epagoge tunicana Walsingham, Plate XLVIII, Fig. 

 40, $ . 



This rather neatly marked moth, which may be accepted as a 

 good representative of its genus, inhabits the Pacific subregion. 



421 



