THE TUBE-BEARING FUNGI 417 



Polystictiis pcrgamenus. Fr. 



Pergamenus means parchment. 



The pileus is coriaceous, thin, effused, reflexed, villous, zoned, cinereous-white, 

 with colored zone ; pliant when fresh. 



The pores are unequal, torn, violaceous, then pallid. It is very common here 

 on beech, maple, and wild cherry. The pores become torn so that they resemble 

 the teeth of the Hydnum. This is one of the most common fungi in our woods. 



The photograph is by Prof. J. D. Smith, of Akron, O. 



Fomes leucophccus. Mont. 



This has been called by many authors in America Fomes applanatus or 

 Polyporus applanatus. It is very common in this country but very rare in Europe, 

 while Fomes applanatus, which is common in Europe, is very scarce in the United 

 States. In general appearance they are much alike, the applanatus having a 

 softer tissue and echinulate spores, but our common species, leucophaeus, has 

 smooth spores. 



The pileus is expanded, tuberculose, obsoletely zoned, purverulent, or smooth ; 

 cinnamon, becoming whitish ; cuticle crustaceous, rigid, at length fragile, very 

 soft within ; loosely floccose, margin tumid ; white, then cinnamon. The pores are 

 very small, slightly ferruginous, orifice whitish, brownish when bruised. The 

 spore surface when fresh is soft and white. 



This attractive plant is very common in our woods and furnishes an excellent 

 stencil surface for drawing. Found all the year round. 



Fomes fomentarius. Fr. 



The Bracket Fomes. 



This species is very common in our woods. The brackets resemble a horse's 

 hoof in shape. They are smoky, gray, and of various shades of brown. The 

 upper surface of the bracket is quite strongly zoned and furrowed, so as to show 

 each year's growth. The margin is thick and blunt, and the tube surface is 

 concave ; the openings of the tubes quite large, so that they can be readily seen by 

 the naked eye. The tube surface is reddish-brown when mature. The inside 

 was formerly used in making tinder-sticks, which were made by rolling the 

 fungus wood until it was perfectly flexible and then dipping it into saltpetre. 



