52 MYTH AND SCIENCE. 



All those who do not keep clearly in view the real anci 

 genuine character of the sentient and intelligent 

 faculty in animals are liable to error. 



In addition to the perceptions we have mentioned, 

 animals have a perception of inanimate things, that 

 is, of various bodies and phenomena of nature. 

 Although the form, motion, and gestures of an analo- 

 gous and personal subject are wanting in these cases, 

 so that they do not cause extrinsically the same im- 

 plicit idea, neither do they remain, as with a cultivated 

 and rational man, things and qualities of independent 

 existence, disconnected with the life of the animal 

 which perceives them, exerting no intentional efficacy, 

 and governed by necessary laws by means of which 

 they act and exist. 



A cultivated and rational man, by the reflex and 

 calm examination of things, can correctly distinguish 

 these two classes of subjects and phenomena, and 

 cannot as a rule be deceived as to their real and 

 relative value with respect to them and to himself. 

 But when he forgets his primary intellectual con- 

 dition, and does not perfectly understand the per- 

 manent condition of animals, he believes that their 

 faculties are identical, and that things, qualities, and 

 phenomena present the same appearance to the human 

 and the animal perception. Yet the actual nature of 

 the thing, so far as it is estimated by our perception as 

 an object different from ourselves and from any other 

 animal, cannot be so apprehended by animals which 



