HUMAN SENSATION AND PERCEPTION. 83 



flowers, animals, springs, rivers, and the like. These 

 ideal types are not wholly wanting even among the 

 most barbarous peoples, in the most concrete and 

 dissimilar languages, since without them any language 

 would be impossible. 



The same intrinsic and innate necessity which, 

 both in man and animals, automatically effects the 

 animation and personification of consciousness and 

 will in the case of external objects and phenomena, 

 also impels man to vivify and personify the specific 

 types which he has gradually formed, and they take 

 an objective place in his memory as the objects of 

 nature do in the case of animals. In this way man 

 does not, like animals, merely vivify the special oak 

 or chestnut tree presented to him in a concrete form 

 at a given moment, but he vivifies in the same way 

 the psychical type of trees, of flowers, etc., which has 

 been evolved in his mind, just as he vivifies the type 

 of suffering, of disease, of death, of healing, or of any 

 other force. 



For this reason the process of necessary and 

 spontaneous personification is at first two-fold; namely, 

 the personification of individual and external objects 

 and phenomena, and that of their specific inward 

 types, whether of the objects themselves or of their 

 sensations and emotions. It must be observed that at 

 this early stage of man's history, specific types, or the 

 classification of things, were not ordered and deter- 

 mined with scientific precision ; they were undefined 



