ANIMAL AND HUMAN PERCEPTION. 117 



perceived, these three elements are self-evident ; since 

 the phenomenon perceived in a given form causes the 

 immediate assumption that it is a subject, actuated 

 by a purpose of offence or defence, and hence follows 

 the apprehension of a power capable of affecting him, 

 which has in this case a real existence. Pheno- 

 menon, subject, effective power, follow in a rapid and 

 inevitable sequence, and are instantly combined in 

 the integral image formed of the object apprehended 

 by the senses. 



In fact, an animal which fights with another, which 

 seizes on his food as a prey, or which is in dread of 

 some enemy or unfamiliar object, recognizes either the 

 species or the individual from its external form, and 

 constitutes it into an animated subject, and ultimately 

 into an actively offensive or defensive power, or into 

 one which satisfies his appetites. Such a fact, and 

 such elements of the fact, recur in the whole animal 

 kingdom, even among those wilich only apprehend 

 external things by the sense of touch. As we ascend 

 higher in the scale of animals to those who possess 

 other senses and a more elaborate organism, we find 

 the same fact in a more perfect and distinct form. 



Those animals which, since they are without the 

 sense of sight, have no perception of distance, wait 

 until their prey touches their antennae, mouths, or 

 claws, and yet the same distinct act is accomplished 

 in these three specified elements. They would not 

 lie in wait for their prey, unless they had already 



