ANIMAL AND HUMAN PERCEPTION. 119 



not an animal, is always transformed into a living 

 subject, acting deliberately. And although this is 

 sometimes done in a vague way, when the object in 

 question has not the external form and movements 

 of an animal, yet it is always regarded as a real 

 power. 



When a well broken horse, for example, goes on 

 his way quietly, perceiving nothing which strongly 

 attracts nor alarms him, the sudden flutter of a 

 cloth, the flaring of a lamp, the rush of water, or 

 some violent noise will cause him to stop, to plunge 

 and kick, or to bolt away. We have already shown, 

 by experiment, the exciting cause of his alarm and 

 suspicion. The sudden fluttering of the cloth in 

 the wind was a phenomenon perceived by the horse, 

 and since he regarded this phenomenon as an ani- 

 mated subject, and consequently as a real power, it 

 is evident that his fear was caused by the sudden 

 appearance of a living form, and the direct appre- 

 hension of a subject which might possibly be hurtful 

 or dangerous. In this way, the circle is completed and 

 combined in one unique phantasm ; a phenomenon, 

 a living subject, and a real power. 



In this instance, the psychical law is so clear that 

 it can hardly be disputed. But if we consider any 

 other aniinal perceptions, we find that the law still 

 holds good, as we have already shown in various 

 instances. In ah 1 cases the apprehension takes place 

 in the same way, and consists of the same elements, 



