ANIMAL AND HUMAN PERCEPTION. 12 1 J 



owing to the process already described, not merely 

 valid as a real entity, but it becomes a mysterious 

 apparition in the sphere of fancy, in a way analogous 

 to our belief in the reality of things seen in a dream 

 or in moments of hallucination. This appears in the 

 history of all peoples past and present, whence it is 

 certain that primitive man not only formed personifi- 

 cations of external objects and of his own emotions, 

 but also of their images, as they were retained in 

 his memory. In both cases the sequence of the three 

 elements of apprehension, the phenomenon, subject, 

 and cause, is due to the same unique faculty; in a 

 word, the inward perception is identical in its genesis 

 and laws with that which is external. 



These are not the only results which follow from 

 the exercise of this faculty. By the spontaneous 

 classifying action of our intelligence we rise from 

 the perception of special and individual objects and 

 phenomena to their various types, and hence to an 

 inward and ideal world of specific representations, 

 as if these were causative powers, informing the 

 multitude of analogous and similar phenomena in 

 which they are manifested. These specific types, 

 which are more strongly present to the fancy in the 

 primitive exercise of the intelligence, also become 

 personified, and they generate what is called poly- 

 theism in all its forms, varying according to the 

 races, times, places, and respective conditions of 

 morality and civilization in which they are found. 



