DREAMS AND ILLUSIONS. 269 



acquainted, becomes associated with the latter, and is 

 constituted into a compound being, endowed with life. 

 The Esquimaux believed the vessels commanded by 

 Eoss to be alive, since they moved without oars. When 

 Cook touched at New Zealand, the inhabitants sup- 

 posed his ship to be a whale with sails. The Bosjes- 

 manns ascribed life to a waggon, and imagined that it 

 required the nourishment of grass. When an Arauco 

 saw a compass, he believed that it was an animal ; 

 and the same belief has been held by savages of 

 musical instruments, such as grinding organs, which 

 play tunes mechanically. Herbert Spencer mentions 

 similar behaviour in some men belonging to one of the 

 hill tribes in India ; when they saw Dr. Hooker pull 

 out a spring measuring tape, which went back into its 

 case of itself, they were terrified and ran away, con- 

 vinced that it was a snake. From these facts, which 

 might be multiplied indefinitely, it not only appears 

 that everything is spontaneously animated by man, 

 but also that the images of his memory are fused with 

 those which are actually present, since their respective 

 factors are esteemed to be equally real. This primitive 

 objection of the images of the memory also occurs in 

 the mythical representations of dreams, which, as the 

 images of absent objects, have much in common with 

 the images of the memory. In fact, all peoples, as we 

 have seen, have believed in the reality of dreams. 



The North American Indians believe in the exist- 

 ence of two souls, one of which remains in the body 



