December, 1915. 



American Hen Journal 



elsewhere. Oleomargarine looks and 

 tastes so much like butter that many 

 people cannot tell the difference, yet it 

 is little used. The reason is that its 

 inferior qualities were brought tc the 

 attention of the public by these college 

 representatives and other organiza- 

 tions who had the interest of the dairy 

 industry at heart. As a result the pub- 

 lic has formed a prejudice against it 

 and refuses to accept a substitute for 

 butter. 



If there had been an apiary depart- 

 ment in every agricultural college 

 when substitutes began to be offered 

 for honey, instead of a small percent 

 of the population eating honey as now, 

 90 percent would demand it and refuse 

 to be satisfied with a cheap and inferior 

 substitute. 



Our educational institutions today 

 largely determine what our ways of 

 thinking and habits of life will be to- 

 morrow. Unless the honey-producing 

 business has representatives at head- 

 quarters, our interests will not be kept 

 before the public and the demand for 

 our product will be supplied by those 

 who are able to meet the changing 

 conditions of our time. 



It was the official representatives 

 that called to public attention the in- 

 feriority of oleomargarine to butter 

 and created a sentiment that refused to 

 be satisfied with a substitute for the 

 latter product. Had the same fight 

 been made against substitutes for 

 honey, the general public would not 

 need be told that the cheap corn syrups 

 are inferior to the product of the hive. 



When the demand declines, for a 

 product which is not only of the high- 

 est quality, but is at the same time one 

 of the cheapest foods on the market, as 

 analysis shows honey to be, it is time 

 for the honey-producers to rub their 

 eyes and wake up. The trouble is not 

 a lack of demand, but because of .ack 

 of business methods on the pait of the 

 beekeeper, the demand is met with 

 something else. — Editor.] 



I will stir up a hornet's-nest and be 

 getting into all sorts of trouble. 



Dr. Phillips on Evolutioi 



So Dr. Phillips believes in e--olution 

 page 868 of the American Bee Journal. 

 Well, we would hardly expect anything 

 else, for it would be almost " bad form " 

 for a scientist to express any other be- 

 lief. But for all that, some of us old- 

 fashioned clodhoppers — the writer 

 among them — will continue to believe 

 that God gave man dominion ove" all 

 the lower animal kingdom, the bees in- 

 cluded, and firmly believe thai the lat- 

 ter were exactly as they are new many 

 thousands of years ago. One of the 

 things always inexplicable to me has 

 been the fact that none of Darwin's 

 followers can tell us just when devel- 

 opment of certain things ceased. But 

 enough of this, the first thing I know 



American and European Foulbrood 



Looking over the last number of the 

 American Bee Journal I was impressed 

 with the thought that no matter how 

 much we would like to get away from 

 the word "foulbrood," our old-time 

 friend will not be downed. In this 

 November issue we have leading arti- 

 cles on this subject from California, 

 Colorado, Illinois, Vermont and New 

 York — maybe I have Overlooked some 

 at that. Reading all this matter, two 

 things impress themselves on our mind 

 personally, and they are as follows : 



We dread European foulbrood more 

 than ever, and contrary to what Dr. 

 Miller's sentiments seem to be, we have 

 more or less contempt for American 

 foulbrood. Perhaps the word " con- 

 tempt" is ill chosen, but at any rate we 

 do not dread this disease. Dr. Miller 

 speaks of the latter disease as not trav- 

 eling fast, instancing the fact that 

 while they have just found it in their 

 apiary, it has been known to be within 

 12 miles of Marengo four or five years 

 ago. Why, it has been within at least 

 four miles of my Cashel yard for ten 

 years or more, and never was a case 

 discovered there. At other yards we 

 have found one or two isolated cases 

 every year or two, and yet we have 

 never had any outbreak. Could we 

 have said the same of European foul- 

 brood under like circumstances ? 



Of course American foulbrood re- 



quires prompt and radical treatment, 

 but there is the satisfaction of knoiuing 

 that the disease is only transmitted by 

 robbing or in some other way of mix- 

 ing combs of honey from infected col- 

 onies to healthy ones, on the part of 

 the beekeepers. 



What we know about the other type 

 of the disease is mostly of a negative 

 quantity and quality seemingly, for 

 after Dr. Miller's encouraging reports 

 il gives one a chill to read what Wes- 

 ley Foster says. Truly, we have much 

 to learn about European foulbrood 

 yet, and I frankly confess that I would 

 rather find half a dozen cases of Ameri- 

 can foulbrood in each of our several 

 yards next spring than to find a single 

 colony affected with European foul- 

 brood. 



The Great Clay Belt of Ontario 



That picture of a northern apiary 

 near Haileybury, Ont., revives my old 

 notion of thinking that we would like 

 to have a lot of bees in that country. A 

 number of years ago a trip was made 

 up there, and I well remember the 

 thousands and thousands of acres cov- 

 ered with willow-herb and smaller 

 areas of alsike, white clover, raspberry, 

 etc. This locality is what is known as 

 the great clay belt of Ontario, and is 

 about 400 miles north of Toronto. 

 The apiary we often refer to as our 

 north yard, is but 100 miles north of 

 that city, so we are really in the south 

 of Ontario when the vastness of the 

 province is taken into consideration. 



Contributed 



Articles^ 



Bees at Washington Fair 



BY J. W. WARE. 



WHEN first we came to western 

 Washington, beekeeping was 

 hardly known as an industry. An 

 agricultural fair had been established, 

 and looking over the premium list we 

 found listed one pound of honey and 

 one pound of beeswax with a cash prize 

 of*25 cents each. This did not look 

 good, so we arranged a one-frame glass 

 hive and made a display from the top 

 of a dry goods box. This attracted 

 much attention, and was the means of 

 starting a bee department at the fair, 

 which was given an 8 by 10 shack to 

 start with. This was filled, and each 

 succeeding season we enlarged the ex- 

 hibits until we now fill a 75 foot 

 building. 



We feel a great deal of pride in the 

 success we have attained. That one- 

 frame observation hive proved from 

 the start that live bees are an attrac 

 tion. We have kept it going until we 

 now have from six to eight one-frame 

 and from two to three full glass hives, 

 and two to six full colonies competing. 

 One or more demonstrations given 

 each day at 4 p.m. have proved to be 

 one of the very best leaders at the fair. 



The demonstrations consist of open- 

 ing a full hive, finding and exhibiting 

 queen on comb, and queen clipping 

 contests. The performances are given 

 in the open to interested crowds with- 

 out protection of any kind. 



The bees give no bother, as they are 

 baptized with warm water about 20 

 minutes before time to open, though if 

 kept closed up for three days they are 

 so conditioned that they need but little 

 of " John the Baptist." Our honey ex- 

 hibits are the best ever, so say the 

 visitors. 



All this costs time and effort, for 

 which we are paid by the pleasure we 

 get out of a first-class show. This 

 past season has been one of the very 

 poorest we have experienced on this 

 coast. 



Puyallup, Wash. 



A Winter-Case for 20 Cents 



BY ED SWENSEN. 



I AM sending three photographs of 

 my winter-cases. Number 1 shows 

 the hive in place, and the space for 

 packing, which is about 6 inches, on 

 top. Number 2 shows the case with 

 cover on, as it looks when packed for 

 winter. Number 3 shows 34 colonies 



