14 



GLEANINGS IN HER ClTLTlMiK. 



Jan. 



to livery-stables, and the Hies were not only 

 numerous, but they were mean and low- 

 lived. I think, however, the stables could 

 be managed so as to breed fewer Hies. When 

 I was a small boy I sometimes used to neg- 

 lect cleaning the stables, when father was 

 gone, until the manure became full of mag- 

 gots. These were probably, as you state it. 

 the larvae and pupae of ih'e house-fly. The 

 chickens, however, used to follow me so that 

 there were not so many Hies raised after all, 

 if I cleaned the stables in season. I had 

 learned in my childhood, also, that llies 

 came out of manure by some process, for I 

 have seen them crawl out by the hundreds; 

 but I made up my mind at the time that 

 there were different kinds of flies that lived 

 in the manure. Now, then, comes in the 

 place for you to hold your noses. In many 

 out-buildings, where the excavation is very 

 shallow, and the contents of the vault are 

 exposed to sunlight, these same larva' and 

 pupae can be seen by the — millions, I was 

 going to say; and the flies go straight from 

 these revolting and disagreeable places di- 

 rectly to the kitchen and dining-room; and 

 J have wondered whether they did not carry 

 typhoid fever along with them. Dry dust, 

 peat, or properly arranged out-buildings, 

 will, if I am correct, entirely stop the hatch- 

 ing of llies around these places; and I feel 

 sure that you agree with me, that much 

 might be done to abate the fly nuisance by 

 prevention in the way I have suggested. 

 Now. friend Cook, please tell me if I am 

 not right about it. Our shorthand writer 

 asks if lime, copperas, or some other chem- 

 ical, will not carry death and destruction to 

 them as well as sweeten the premises. It is 

 a matter of such vital importance, that we 

 can well afford to take a little space for it. 

 Is not prevention better and cheaper than 

 py ret h l'u m V 



THOMAS G. NEWMAN. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH BY DR. C. C. MILLER. 



fOK fifteen years the American Bee Journal has 

 remained under the management of one 

 man; and, aside from being ably edited, its 

 general make-up and clean typographica 

 appearance impress one strongly, that, some- 

 where connected with it, is a man who is well up in 

 the art preservative of all arts. The secret of it is. 

 that Thomas Gabriel Newman, its proprietor, is 

 himself a thorough practical printer. Born near 

 Bridgewater, in Southwestern England, Sept. 36, 

 1833, he was left fatherless at ten years of nge. with 

 three older brothers and a sister, the mother being 

 a penniless widow by reason of I hi' father's en- 

 dorsing for a large sum. 



The boys were all put out to work to help sup- 

 port the family. Thomas <!. chose the trade of 

 printer and book-binder, serving an apprentice- 

 ship of seven years, and learning thoroughly e\ er> 

 inch of the business from top to bottom, in both 

 branches. 



Early in 1864 lie came to Uochester, N. V., where 

 he had relatives; and before noon of the day of his 

 arrival he secured a permanent situation in the 

 job-room of the American. Within two months he 

 took the position of assistant foreman on the 



Rochester Democrat, then the leading Republican 

 paper of Western New York. Later on he spent 

 seven years editing and publishing a religious pa- 

 per, called the " Bible Expositor and Millennial Har- 

 binger," in New York, and published a score or 

 more of theological works, some written by him- 

 self. In lstif he moved it to Illinois, sold out the 

 business, and, for a " rest," took his family to Eng- 

 land. Returning in lstiii he located at Cedar Rap- 

 ids, Iowa, where he published and edited its first 

 daily paper. In 187:2 he sold this and removed to 

 Chicago, where he embarked in the business of 

 publishing The Illustrated Journal, a literary 6erial 

 printed in the highest style of the art, and mag- 

 nitieently embellished. The panic of 1873 ruined 

 this luxury, bringing upon him a loss of over $20,000. 

 In 1873 a friend introduced him to the Rev. W. P. 

 Clarke, who wanted to dispose of his interest in the 

 American Bee Journal, which interest was one-half. 



THOMAS (i. NEWMAN. 



subject to an unpaid contract. This he bought, 

 and afterward the interests of F. Grahbe and Geo. 

 Wagner, thus becoming sole proprietor. For a 

 man not altlicted with the bee-fever, in cold blood 

 to pay more than $2000 for the simple " good will " 

 of a paper with no printing-office or supplies of any- 

 kind, shows an unbounded confidence in the future 

 of bee-journalism. Few men under the same cir- 

 cumstances would have achieved his success. For 

 three years he employed successively as editors, 

 Kev. W. F. Clarke, Mrs. E. S. Tupper, and Dr. C. C. 

 Miller, meanwhile applying himself to the study 

 and practice of bee culture, increasing his apiary 

 from three colonies, purchased for experimental 

 manipulation, to more than 100 colonies in 1879, 

 when he disposed of them because troublesome to 

 surrounding stores. For the past 12 years he has 

 been sole editor, having called to his assistance the 



