170 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



3d. Permeability — percolation — capillarity. In coarse sands and soils, 

 water percolates — runs rapidly. In fine, minute particles, water is held 

 •with great capillary power. Flame draws oil up the wick — so the air 

 heats and draws up the water to the surface. 



Hales and Saussure determined by experiment, that an acre of sun- 

 flowers, each plant occupying four square feet of ground, delivered by 

 evaporation, during four months' growth, four and a half millions of pounds 

 of water. (Equal to 75,000 cubic feet.) This water carried into the 

 plants all the mineral matters and some organic. 



[Revue Horticole, September, 1858. Paris.] 



Translated by H, Meigs. 



HOT BED GLASSES. 



We translate the following little article with much pleasure, because it 



will be found highly useful to those who are obliged to be economical in 



their gardening and farming : 



The glazing of frames usually depends upon the putty. Mine Is secured 

 by inserting the panes in groves, made so that the panes slide in and out 

 easily. The panes must, of course, be cut parallel, so as not to bind. The 

 great advantage of my plan is in the ready removal of a broken pane, and 

 insertion of a new one, for I have broken much glass in trying to clear off 

 the old putty of broken frames. I take out a broken pane, slide up those 

 below, and put the new one in at the bottom. No more external air enters 

 my frames, than the puttied ones. My method takes far less time and 

 work to make it than the other. 



FAVRE BELLANGER, Gardener at Nantes. 



CULTIVATING PINE TREES. 



Great credit is due to Major Phinney, of Barnstable, Massachusetts, for 

 his noble enterprize in this great work. Eleven years ago he planted the 

 seeds of white pine onaabout ten acres of worn out and otherwise useless 

 land, which hardly produced anything but lichens ! He now has, from 

 those seeds, a forest of pine trees of average twenty feet height, and from 

 three inches to six i?iches in diameter ! 



LIVE HEDGES. 



Thomas Affleck, of Texas, advertises in their papers that he will plant 

 and dress for three years, hedges of the Cherokee Rose for $100 a mile. 

 He says that double white Mycrophylla* Rose is better. For rich bottom 

 land, I prefer the Chickasaw Rose. It resembles the Cherokee, is less 

 rampant (crcepine) and has a squatty figure, and is equally well armed 

 with thorns. Thousands of miles of Cherokee Rose hedge exists already 

 in Texas. For the sea coast, the Guisachee or Weesachee Rose is best. 

 For their upland soil, Osage Orange, or what is better, Cock's Spur Haw- 

 thorn — but that an Aphis eats the leaves this year. In Western Texas, 

 •Microphylla, small leaved. — Meigs. 



