218 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



towards the potatoes on each side, and dressed the potatoes with hoes. 

 They did this in one day. At half hilling the potatoes, this plowing 

 towards them was repeated, so, now, the whole field was plowed. At hill- 

 ing they cross-plowed, throwing the earth towards the potatoes, and then 

 dressing with the hoe. By this method the two acres and an half were 

 completely tilled in four days, with the labor oi one horse and tivo hoys — 

 which in the common way of managing ground would have required the 

 labor of a man, one hoy and two horses for ten days. I had a good crop 

 and next year one of Indian corn. 



CARROTS. 



By Major Spooner, of Roxhury, 1790. 



I raised them in good deep rich soil, and got four or five hundred bushels 

 ofi" one acre. They will increase the milk of cows, keep horses in as good 

 condition as grain. 



CHEMICAL RESULTS. 



Leibig said some time ago " That it would be pronounced one of the 

 greatest wonders of the age if any one would succeed in condensing coal- 

 gas into a white, dry, solid, odourless substance, portable, capable of being 

 placed on a candlestick, or burned in a lamp." 



That greatest of discoveries has been made. A mineral oil flows out of 

 coal in Derbyshire, which is obviously produced by a slow process of dis- 

 tillation from the coal ; it consists, as fuel, of solid paraffine, (a tasteless, 

 inodorous fatty matter, fusible at 112'', it resists the action of acids and 

 alkalies — seems to be a hydro-carbon. The name is from parum, (little) 

 and affi?iitas, (affinity) to denote the remarkable indiff"erence, which is its 

 characteristic feature,) dissolved in a liquid oil. A consideration of the 

 conditions under which this material product is formed has led Mr. James 

 Young, of Manchester, to the discovery of a method (which he has pat- 

 ented,) of readily obtaining the paraffine in any quantity desired, and at a 

 cheap rate (compared with common candles,) from ordinary coal gas. 



M. Derode, of Paris, has patented a process for uniting cast iron to cast 

 iron and other metals, by electricity, either magnetic or galvanic ; also to 

 soldering. 



[Wilson's Farmers' Dictionary or Cyclopedia.] 



LIQUID MANURE. 



Urine or any other liquid manure which mainly consists of urine, ought 

 not to be applied to vegetables in a fresh state. It scorches the grass and 

 other plants on which it falls, fresh from the animal, in a dry time. The 

 liquid manure should be strained or filtered through straw or coarse sand 

 in order to extract pieces or straw and anything else which would injure 

 the equal distribution of the fluid, and thus diminish its aggregate efi'ect 

 on the crop. The quantity to be applied is according to its strength, crop, 

 soil, &c. Liquid manure containing ten per cent of the saline and organic 

 princijiles of urine and farm-yard drainings, may ordinarily be applied at 



