AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 279 



Xvliere tlie stoppage is. My impression is that two-inch tiles, fifty feet 

 apart, in ditches 200 yards long, will carry off all the water necessary. 

 Pipes should be as smooth as possible. Two-inch pipes are probably more 

 economical than one and a half inch pipes with collars, since the collars 

 cost ia England half as much as pipes. But there is some land in which it 

 will not answer to lay pipes of any size without collars or some substitute. 

 I use pieces of wood, such as the Yankee boot-makers use to stiffen the 

 bottoms of thick boots, which I put under the joints of the tiles, and that 

 effectually keeps one [lipe from settling below the other. 



Recollect, I speak of this Yankee way of saving leather, and making 

 stiff boot soles, perfectly confidentially. But these pieces of board being 

 cheaper than anything else, I find it good economy to use them under my 

 tile, whether it is or not under the boot soles. The m.st of the draining- 

 tile used in this country are two and a half to three and a half inches in 

 diameter, and, generally, of the most expensive kind. 



Prof, Mapes, — There is a new tool that is a substitute for a pick, that 

 will dig five feet deep by horse power, narrow enough for tile draining. I 

 dig seventy rods long in a day, three feet deep, with a yoke of oxen, with 

 Pratt's digging machine. Then, with a sub-soil plow and the horse-pick I 

 do the most of the work the other two feet. All my drains are five feet 

 deep. Our tile makers have ascertained that tile can be made n)ore porous 

 by mixing dust of anthracite coal with the clay. The pipes, too, are 

 stronger when so mixed. 



Salisbury's machine for making drain tile is easily adapted to the wants 

 of any farmer, and can be worked upon any farm, it is so simple. It also 

 makes better tile than the expensive machinery. One can make 3,000 tile 

 a day. It is very eas}^ too, to set up a kiln of tile upon any farm so as to 

 burn them. 



Messrs. R. P. Wilson & Co., by letter, invite the members to see a boy 



make one hundred -potinds of butter in Jive minvtes, by their new process, 



the air pump churn^ at No. 37 Park Row, on Wednesday next, at three 



o'clock, p. M. 



Dr. Grant, of lona Island, North river, near Peekskill, will give his 



views upon pruning grape vine. 



Subjects continued, — " Spring flowers, seeds, plants, trees, drainage, 



and pruning grape vine." 



The Club adjourned. 



H. MEIGS, Secretary, 



March 7, 1859. 

 Prese7if — Messrs. R. L. Pell, Hon. Robert Swift Livingston, John M. 

 ISixby, John Campbell, Hon. Hugh Maxwell, R. G, Pardee, Rev. Mr. 

 Campbell, Benjamin Pike, Judge French, of Massachusetts ; Prof. Nash, 

 Amos Gore, Hon. John G. Bergen, Solon Robinson, Mr. Atwood, Mr. 

 Brower and Mr, Doughty, of Jersey ; Bruce, Witt, Burgess, Fuller, 



