AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 421 



NEW PADDLE WHEELS. 



A. V. Newton, patent. — To adjust at pleasure the angle at which the 

 paddles strike the water. 



FIRE ESCAPE. 



J. F. M. Carpentier, patent 939. — Wicker basket on a flat board — two 

 strong iron loops fastened to the board through which are passed two strong 

 ropes, two ends of which arc fixed by eyes to a small beam fixed inside of 

 the room. This basket, with person in it, is to descend, while persons in the 

 street hold the lower ends of the two ropes. 



Mr. Hughes, a patent, April 27, 1858. — Chief object being to expedite a 

 succession of electric currents over one line wire. 



n. A. De Saegher, patent, to prevent incrustation of boilers. Wood 

 ashes, ^^ \ charcoal powdered, ^^^ ; resin or pitch, ^^ ; stearine, ^g. Or 

 soft soap, ^^jj ; tallow, ^§, and ^^ of \ powdered charcoal and \ soot or 

 lamp-black, formed into balls or cakes, for use. 



George C. Barney invited the club to examine his new patent whifl3etree, 

 on the table. 



Mr. Leonard explained its object — detaching from a vehicle when the 

 horses became unmanageable, by drawing a bolt passing through the looped 

 ends of the whiffletree, and leaving the vehicle free. Each end of the whif- 

 fletree is then drawn by the horses without striking against their legs. 



Mr. Veeder approved of this plan. 



Mr. Stetson also, with the proviso that in case when the horses are going 

 at full speed it would generally be more dangerous (if it was readily done,) 

 to detach them than to trust to their being ultimately arrested. A de- 

 tached carriage when at full speed would prove very dangerous to persons 

 in it. 



The Secretary mentioned a mw hutter vialiing machine, now shown and 

 seen by a member. 



Mr. Pierce described it as composed of a pair of iron rollers whose con- 

 tact is regulated by a fine screw capable of bringing them near enough to- 

 gether to crush the butter globules of milk passing between them with a 

 rapid dasher below. It was said that the milk was heated to about 70^ 

 Fahrenheit before passing it through the rollers. 



Mr. Leonard. — The machine or churn was at the Palace. It was there 

 said to make the butter in one minute. 



Mr. Pell referred to a churn exhibited to the Institute a few years ago, 

 making butter in three minutes. It was done by heating the milk. The 

 public took it up and the owner made a fortune of it. No public good ! It 

 takes one and a half hours to make butter from cold milk. 



Mr. Pierce. — The roller machine is said to make fifteen to eighteen per 

 cent more butter than a common churn. 



Prof. Hedrick explained the globules which are visible in cream through 

 a microscope. 



