434 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



intended to possess motion, must be governed precisely by the same iaw&, 

 which can be done only in one way, by selecting an oil possessing pure 

 chemical properties for lubrication. Where can we find this theory more 

 splendidly developed than in the wonderful mechanism of a cotton factory, 

 governed by the strict laws of motion and force ? The consequence is. 

 the wearing of the working parts are so inconceivably small, that I can 

 only compare them to the unequalled motion cf man's body. In these ad- 

 mirably managed establishments, the largest proportion of the very best 

 sperm oil imported into the country is used. Even on my farm I find 

 economy in using the most expensive oils for my mowing and threshing 

 machines, as well as cart and wagon axles. 



We all know that marine engines and locomotives suffer inconceivably 

 from oscillation, and its most intimate companion, friction, and will con- 

 tinue so to do until engine drivers are engaged to work by contract, wheu 

 they will govern themselves by the same law that governs cotton spinners, 

 and steam locomotion will for the first time fully develop its power. Pre- 

 cisely the same remarks will apply to marine engines. They being com- 

 pany concerns, are not aware that the substances now used by their agents 

 are chemically unfitted for the purposes to which they are applied, and ia 

 nine cases out of ten offer resistance to the working of the machinery, instead 

 of aid. If it is necessary that any lubricating oil should be pure, that 

 applied to them must necessarily be so, because there are immense surfaces 

 exposed to friction, many of them composed of copper, tin and zinc alloys, 

 and all of them susceptible to the infiuence of electricity, which, when ex- 

 erted, produces heat, expansion the resulting consequences. I think coal 

 oil, if properly prepared, may be made fully equal, if not superior, to any 

 other for lubricating purposes. And if I were the unfortunate owner of a 

 steamship, I would not only lubricate her machinery with coal oil, but the 

 ship herself, which would increase her velocity through her native element 

 at least twenty per cent. 



Mr. Tillman suggested difficulty in revolving large masses. It will be 

 found an objection. 



Secretary Leonard. — The methods of giving and sustaining such revo- 

 lution are all within the power of mechanics. Like cylinders, containing 

 large masses of rags, are used in our paper mills with entire facility. 



Mr. Pieid illustrated on the black-board the bowl, (like a pipe bowl,) 

 made of fire bricks, to hold many tons of coal, with wood on top to give 

 heat ; worms, like distillers', leading to three vats to receive the condensed 

 products ; an air pump at the end of the worm to draw air down through 

 the coal in the bowl. 



Mr. Tillman illustrated the atomic compounds of the coal products on 

 the board. 



Mr. Everitt. — The heat in the bowl must be under perfect control, or the 

 process will be ruined. A low heat only must be employed. 



Mr. Eeid. — Cover at pleasure with iron cai»s. The required condensa- 

 tion is light, not heavy, as in common distillation. The unpleasant odor 



