THE r'ANADTAN FTO TJ T T C TT L T I ' R T S T 



February, 1914 



The Canadian Horticulturist 



COMBINED WITH 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 

 AND BEEKEEPER 



With which ha« been Incorporated 



The Canadian Bee Journal. 



Publiihed hr Ths Horticultural 



Pubjiihinc Company, Limited 



I^KTICRBORO, ONTARIO 



The Only Magazine* in Their Field in the 



Dominion 



Okkicial Organs ok the Ontario and Quebec 



Fru:t Growers' Associations 



AND of The Ontario Beekeepers' Association 



H. Bronson Cowan Managing Director 



^ EDITORIAL 



UNITED STATES RERESBNTATIVES 



STOOKWELL'S SPECdAIi AGENCY 

 Chicago Offlce— People's GtaB Building. 

 New York Offlce— 286 5th ATemue. 



1. The Canadian Horticulturist ia published in 

 two editions on the 2Sth day of the month pre- 

 ceding date of issue. The flrst edition is known 

 ae The Canadian Horticulturist. It is devoted 

 exclusively to the horticultural interests of 

 Canada. The- second edition is known as The 

 Cana^lian Horticulturist and Beekeeper. In this 

 edition several pages of matter appearing In the 

 first issue are replaced by an equal number of 

 pages of matter relating to the bee-keeping In- 

 terests of Canada. 



2. Suhswription price of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist in Canada and Great Britain. 60 cents 

 a year; two years, $100, and of The Canadian 

 Horticulturist and Beekeeper. .?1.00 a year. For 

 United States and local subscriptions in Peter- 

 boro (not called for at the Poet Offlce) 25 cents 

 extra a year, including postage. 



3. Remittances should be made by Poet Office 

 or Express Money Order, or registered Letter. 



4. The Law Is that subscribers to newspapers 

 are held responsible until all arrearages are 

 paid and their paper ordered to be discontinued. 



5. Change of Address— Wlien a change of ad 

 drees is ordered, both the old and the new ad- 

 dresses must be given. 



6. Advertising rates, $1.40 an Inch. Copy 

 received up to the 20th. Address all advertising 

 corii^spondence and copy to our Advertising 

 Manager, Peterboro. Ont. 



CIRCULATION STATEMENT 

 The following is a sworn statement of the net 

 paid circulation of The Canadian Horticulturist 

 for the year ending with December, 1911. The 

 figures given are exclusive of samples and spoiled 

 copies. Most months, including the sample cop- 

 ies, from 13,000 to 15,000 copies of The Canadian 

 Horticulturist are mailed to people known to 

 be interested in the growing of fruits, flowers 

 or vegetables. 



January, 1913 ...11,570 August, 1913 12,675 



February. 1913 ...11,560 September, 1913 ...13.729 



March, 1913 11,209 October, 1913 13.778 



April, 1913 11,970 November. 1913 ...12.967 



May, 1913 12.368 December. 1913 ...13,253 



June, 1913 12.618 



July. 1913 12.626 Total 150,293 



Average each issue In IM7, S.W 



■' 1908. s.ms 



• 1909. 8.970 



" 1910, 9.067 



' ' 1911. 9,541 



" ' 1912.11.037 



1913. 12,524 



8wom detailed statements will be mailed 

 upon application. 



OUR GUARANTEE 

 We gTiarantee that every advertiser in this 

 issue is reliable. 'We are able to do this because 

 the advertising columns of The Canadian Hor- 

 ticulturist are as carefully editerl as the read- 

 ing columns, and because to protect our readers 

 we turn away all unscrupulous advertisers. 

 Should any advertiser herein deal dishonestly 

 with an.v subecriber, we will make good the 

 amount of his loss, provided such transaction 

 occurs within one month from date of this issue, 

 that it is reported to us within a week of it« 

 occurrence, and that we find the facts to be as 

 .>rtated. It is a condition of this contract that in 

 writing to advertisers vou state : " I saw your 

 advertisement in The Canadian Horticulturist." 

 Rogues shall not ply their trade at the expense 

 of our subscribers, who are our friends, through 

 the medium of those columns; but we shall not 

 attempt to ad.inst trifling disputes beween sub^ 

 scribers and honourable business men who ad- 

 vertise, nor pay the debte of honest bankmpta. 

 Oommunlcations should be addreesed 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTUEiST, 



PETEEBOBO. ONT 



SPRAYING 



The successful fruit growers and well- 

 known authorities on spraying, who have 

 contributed articles on spraying to this is- 

 sue of The Canadian Horticulturist, are 

 agreed that two essentials to success involve 

 the thorough spraying of all parts of the 

 tree, at exactly the right time. Only within 

 the past few years have many even of our 

 leading growers, been led to appreciate 

 the importance of these two points. Com- 

 mercial spraying is still a sufficiently new 

 operation in orchard practice to leave no 

 reason for wonder. 



The experience of growers in many sec- 

 tions of the country has now demonstrated 

 to a certainty that im the great majority of 

 cases where spraying operations have ap- 

 parently proved to be a failure.that the work 

 was either not done withsufiicientthorough- 

 ness, or at the right moment. Where an 

 unsprayed portion of a tree is left it be- 

 comes a breeding place for insects and a 

 seeding ground for fungus diseases, and 

 lea.ds to much of the work of the grower 

 being lost. There are mainy other factors, 

 such as the proper preparation of the fluids 

 and the use of suitable appliances, that 

 must be attended to if success is desired, 

 but these are points that generally are 

 watched more carefully than the two al- 

 ready specified. 



A wise man once said that "Wisdom con- 

 sists in knowing what to do next, and doing 

 it." Our fniit growers will profit if they 

 act on this suggestion. Prepare now for 

 the approaching spraying season by seeing 

 that everything necessary for the success 

 of the work is ordered in time to ensure 

 your being able to attend to it without de- 

 lay and with the proper degree of thorough- 

 ness, when the season for spraying ar- 

 rives. 



ONTARIO FRUIT 



Three boxes of Baldwin apples, shown re- 

 cently in an open competition at the exhi- 

 bition of the New York Horticultural Asso- 

 ciation, held recently in Rochester, N.Y., 

 added to the already high reputation for 

 quality held by Ontario fruit by winnuig the 

 sweepstakes prize. This victory, together 

 with the premier honors that were captured 

 by Ontario fruit last fall in the competi- 

 tion open to the continent held in Cleve- 

 land, Ohio, and later at the Land Exhibi- 

 tion, in Winnipeg, where Ontario fruit cap- 

 tured first and second prizes, should prove 

 a source of encouragement to Ontario fruit 

 .trrowers. 



During the past few years we have heard 

 much criticism of the poor quality and poor 

 packing of a large portion of the fruit crop 

 of Ontario. The fruit that has been sent 

 to the western provinces, where it has met 

 the competition of the British Columbia and 

 Pacific Coast States' products, has been 

 criticized with especial severity. Much of 

 this criticism has been deserved. It has 

 been beneficial inasmuch as it has drawn 

 the attention of Ontario fruit growers to the 

 need for improvement. The critics for the 

 most part have been friends who have de- 

 sired to see Ontario fruit maintain its repu- 

 tation in competitive markets. 



Speaking generally, the Ontario fru-; 

 grower is just as capable, and just as .%;11- 

 ing to make improvements as the fruit 

 grower of any other section. The rouble 

 lies in the fact that he is faced by condi- 



tions that fruit growers in the newer fruit 

 districts of the west do not have to meet. 

 In the west the orchards are mostly nev; 

 and it has been possible for the grower to 

 introduce modern methods of culture, pack- 

 ing and marketing with a minimum of op- 

 position. In the east the orchards are 

 mostly old and fruit growers are burdened 

 with practices that are relics of the past 

 but which are none the less difficult to set 

 aside on that account. 



In the east the barrel pack has been popu- 

 lar for years. There has been a steady de- 

 mand for this package. This has encour- 

 aged methods of buying which have en- 

 abled growers to dispose of their crops in 

 bulk, and thus has made it difficult for them 

 to appreciate the importance of following 

 modern methods of orchard practice. We 

 agree with the critics that the time has 

 come for a change. We are inclined to 

 think, however, that we may possibly de- 

 vote a little less criticism to the grower and 

 possibly more elsewhere. 



An examination, for instance, of the as- 

 sistance given by the Department of Agri- 

 cullure in British Columbia to the fruit 

 growers of that province, and of the work 

 being done by the Ontario Department of 

 .Agriculture, would not prove compliment- 

 ary to the latter. In British Columbia, for 

 instance, compulsory spraying has been fol- 

 lowed for some years. The mere sugges- 

 gestion of introducing such a measure in 

 Ontario would be likely to strike conster- 

 nation to the heart of the Ontario Minister 

 of Agriculture. Yet the time has come 

 when a move along this line is required. 

 Some years ago it was felt that it was im- 

 practical to require the sanitary inspection 

 of cheese factories and creameries. It was 

 anticipated that the opposition to such a 

 movement would be pronounced and influ- 

 ential. Yet such a measure was enacted 

 and has been successfully enforced with a 

 minimum of opposition and with results 

 that have been a benefit to the industry. We 

 believe that the time is ripe for the Minis- 

 ter of Agriculture of Ontario to have legis- 

 lation enacted which will give his depart- 

 ment power to enforce compulsor>' spraying 

 in the leading fruit districts at least of the 

 province. This would protect the largest 

 and best fruit growers and ensure a great 

 improvement in the quality of a large pro- 

 portion of the apple pack of the province. 

 Later the principle could be extended to 

 other districts as conditions permitted. 



The British Columbia Department of Ag- 

 riculture has a much stronger staff in its 

 horticultural division than is the case ir 

 Ontario. On the whole it is showing more 

 leadership. By its example it is doing much 

 to encourage and inspire the fruit grower? 

 of that province. The Minister of Agri- 

 culture for Ontario has made several for- 

 ward moves of late, but should make more. 

 Additional assistance should be given to the 

 horticultural division of his department, and 

 it should be permitted and encouraged tc 

 show more leadership. A portion of all the 

 criticism of the fruit growing industry oi 

 Ontario may properly be laid at the dooi 

 of the Ontario Department of .\griculture. 

 .\ forward move on its part will meet with e 

 ready response from the fruit growers. 



February is a month when many of the 

 good resolutions that we made last fall ir 

 regard to the garden we are going to have 

 this year, will be broken if we are not or 

 our guard. By starting many of our plant; 

 indoors now we will obtain a start that wil 

 do much to help and encourage us durinji 

 the late spring and early summer months 

 Don't let this opportunity slip and later re 

 gret your negligence. 



