5« 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



March, 191 



:'i£^n i>n7 i 



Praparations for a Clean Crop in a Waterloo County Orchard 



—Photo furnished Dy F. C. 



Hart. VJ.8A 



portions of one gallon of spray to nine 

 gallons of water to be ready for use. For 

 an average six acre apple orchard it 

 would require about four barrels of this 

 spray, or twenty-four dollars. Being put 

 on before the leaves are on the trees it 

 takes much less of this preparation than 

 is required when the foliage is on. 



A SECOND SPRAYING 



The next spraying is with commercial 

 arsenate of lead. This is sold in kegs of 

 different sizes at about eleven cents a 

 pound. For the six acres the quantity 

 required would be about forty pounds of 

 this, which makes about thirteen hun- 

 dred gallons of spray at a cost of about 

 four dollars and a half. This spraying is 

 to kill all codlin moth, apple worms, and 

 so forth, and is applied directly the bloom 

 falls. If a late hatch of these pests ap- 

 pear of course another spraying has to 

 be done. But as I am figuring on a sea- 

 son fairly clear of pests we will cut out 

 this second spraying of the trees with 

 arsenate. 



The third spraying will have to be 

 made to insure the absence of all aphis 

 (green), foliage pests, and so forth; for 

 this Black Leaf Tobacco Spray is admir- 

 able. This spraying would cost probably 

 thirty dollars to do as the trees are dense 

 with foliage, and the spray itself is ex- 

 pensive. 



Of course, it goes without saying that 

 the orchard has to be properly plowed 

 and cultivated, and kept cultivated. This 

 would cost probably thirty-five dollars 

 for the season. 



Thinning the fruit is the next item. 

 No up-to-date orchardist would expect 



large fruit if no thinning was done, let 

 alone the damage done to the trees by the 

 weight of fruit breaking off the branch- 

 es. This would cost perhaps aboui: one 

 hundred dollars, but this is almost im- 

 possible to determine, owing to the dif- 

 ferent things to be taken into considera- 

 tion, namely the dexterity of the men 

 employed, size of trees, size of crop, and 

 so forth. This is figuring on a full crop. 

 Now, as the booster's advertisement 

 says, figure your six acres as having one 

 hundred trees per acre, or six hundred 

 trees altogether, eight years old, and five 

 boxes of apples from each tree (very good) 

 and you arrive at three thousand boxes 

 of apples. Of this, say, sixty per cent., 

 or eighteen hundred boxes, are number 

 ones; thirty per cent., or nine hundred 

 boxes, number twos ; and the balance, ten 

 per cent., or three hundred boxes, culls. 

 Your account would figure out something 

 like the following: 



RECEIPTS 



1800 boxes No.' I apples @ $1.50.. $2700 



900 boxes No. 2 apples @ $1.00.. 900 



300 boxes culls @ 40c 120 



Your total $3720 



Now, for the part the land shark does 

 not tell about, namely, the expenditure 

 incurred before you receive this amount. 

 (Also bear in mind that I have been figur- 

 ing on a full crop and top prices, a com- 

 bination that rarely happens). But to 

 proceed : 



008T OP PRODUCTION 



No. 1 No. 2 Culls 



Packing, i>er box 06c 06c Not packed 



Picking, per box OSc 03c 03c 



Hanline to market, per box 06c 06c 06c 



Paper for paokinx.per box 04o 02c No papei 



Put in asm 

 The box itaelf, per box .. 14o 14o O60 



Wholesalers 10%oom., per box 15o 10c 04c 



Incidentals 02c 02c 02c . 



Total expense per box. SOc 43o 20c 



Thus for the whole crop it works o 

 as follows for expanses : 



1800 boxes No. 1 applee at 50o t 900 



900 boxee No. 2 applee at 43o 387 



300 boxee culls at 20c 60 



Thinning $100, Spraying S80 and 

 cultlTating $J5 215 



Tot*l $1,562 



Thus it figures this way: 



Gross receipts $3,720 



Cost of production 1.562 



Bal. net $2,158 



And this is an absolutely full seasc 

 and the prices figured in are very hig 

 If two thousand dollars was cleared 

 would be good indeed. 



Now, in finishing it would be well 

 say that if it is possible, it would 

 by far and away the best policy to 

 the man, ignorant as yet of fruit far 

 ing, know the business as it is, and tl 

 is, as a good honest, splendid heal 

 giving means of making a livelihood, 1 

 a tremendous fortune, and to prohibit 1 

 use of the mails to all those ingenic 

 frauds who are daily catching so ms 

 poor suckers ! 



Use of Soap in Spray Mixtu 



Prof. L. Caesar, O.A.C., Gntlph, Ont. 



A contributor in the February isi 

 of The Canadian Horticulturist intima 

 that soap helped to make arsenate 

 lead spread and adhere better. There 

 just a little danger of those who are 

 ing lime-sulphur with arsenate of 1< 

 thinking that they can increase the va 

 of the mixture by adding soap. If ; 

 get a chance to put some lime-sulp! 

 in water in a glass vessel and add so 

 dissolved soap to it, do so, and see w 

 will take place. The soap at once chan 

 the mixture and causes it to cur< 

 breaking down the compound. No ■ 

 should use soap with lime-sulphur. 

 is very probable that soap can be u 

 with the so-called soluble-sulphur, wl 

 is not a lime-sulphur, but 1 soda sulpl 

 It does not cause this to curdle, and 

 far as one can see without a chem 

 examination, does not alter its charac 



.At an exfjerimental station in f 

 Hampshire they have found that 

 method of treatment of an orchard wl 

 gives the best results is ..-ultivatioii 

 the early part of the season. They 

 crimson clover in midsummer, and I 

 that in early the following spring. 1 

 method has given good results. — W. 

 Kydd. Simcoe, Ont. 



