6o 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



March, 1914. 



A I Well Loaded Tree 



Orchard of T. W. Pa/lmer, Victoria, B.C. 



you intend giving the first or dormant 

 spray with lime and sulphur it is advis- 

 able under some conditions to defer that 

 spray until the buds are bursting, adding 

 the Black Leaf 40 to this spray. This 

 combination is an excellent control for 

 tfie aphis, besides the good it may do m 

 controlling scab. 



Black Leaf 40 may, moreover, with 

 equally good results be added with the 

 next application, i.e., just before the 

 blossoms open and when the petals begin 

 to show pink at the tips. This is pro- 

 bably the more important spray for aphis 

 and scab as well. Lead arsenate for bit- 

 ing insects may likewise be added with- 

 out impairing the value of the wash, as 

 far as we have determined, for aphis or 

 scab. If necessary the Black Leaf may 

 again be added to the codling moth 

 spray, applied just after the blossoms 

 fall. In these sprays. Black Leaf 40 It 

 u.sed in the strength of one-third of a 

 pint to forty gallons of the wash. When 

 used alone a pound of good laundry soap 

 should be added as well. 



Soap must never be added to a spray 

 containing lime-sulphur. 



Another sprav that has been in use for 

 many years and has been used with su?- 

 c->ss for all kinds of sucking insects is 

 Kerosene Emulsion. It is made as fol- 

 lows : Soap, one-half pound ; kerosene. 

 two gallons : water, one gallon. 



Dissolve th" ■io'ip va hot wat^r, bM oil 



and churn violently until a creamy emul- 

 sion is produced. This gives a stock 

 solution that may be kept for some time. 

 For use again.st aphids, dUute every 

 three gallons of stock solution with ten 

 gallons of water. 



The disadvantages of kerosene emul- 

 sion are: 



First, it cannot be used in combination 

 with other insecticides or with fungi- 

 cides ; second, if a good emulsion is not 

 .secured the spray will be sure to "burn the 

 foliage. The oil will collect on the top 

 of the mixture and some of the trees will 

 receive a pure oil spray. I have seen so 

 much damage done in this way that I 

 am reluctant to urge the general use of 

 kerosene emulsion. 



There is another spray that is very 

 popular with some orchardists. For 

 u.se one pound is dissolved in five of 

 water. It may be used with Black Leaf 

 40, but must not be added to lime-sul- 

 phur. There are several brands on the 

 market, differing in cost and eflficiency. 



Quassia chips are often added to whale 

 oil soap and improves it as an aphidis- 

 ride. The following is the formula: 

 .Soap, three pounds; quassia chips, three 

 pounds; water, forty gallons. 



Soap sprays are usually fairly satis- 

 factory and are easily prepared. 



The soap or emulsion sprays can be 

 used at the same time as has been re- 

 commended for Black Leaf 40. All 

 wooly aphis is harder to kill owing to 



its protective covering of wax, and ac- 

 cordingly the sprays must all be used 

 .somewhat stronger. It, is usually most 

 easily destroyed by a spray applied in 

 the fall when the aphids are out on the 

 terminal shoots. 



Hardy Apples and Plums 



Angatt Dnpait, Dirfctor of Frnil Stationi, Vill*(c de 

 AoUaiet, Que. 



The varieties of apples and plums here 

 mentioned have been cultivated in the 

 north-west part of the province of Que- 

 bec for twenty-five to fifty years with 

 success. The severest winters have not 

 injured them. I could add to this list 

 several varieties which are doing well, 

 but they have not been tested long 

 enough by the orchardists and at the 

 Experimental Station to warrant me in 

 recommending them as yet for general 

 plantation. 



Nurserymen having agents to sell 

 stock in Quebec province, east of .Mon- 

 treal, ought to offer to their customers 

 only the varieties that have proved 

 hardy and productive after several years 

 of culture. The nurserymen having at 

 heart the success of the fruit industry 

 ought not to sell Baldwin, R. I. Green- 

 ing, King, Newton, and Pippin trees in 

 this northern part of Canada. All at- 

 tempts to cultivate them have failed. 

 Their wood does not mature, our season 

 of growth being too short. 



Vigor. Hardi- 



HARDY PLUMS FOR QUEBEC* 



Fumid- Season. Use. Size. Qual. Cook- 



Lombard 



90 



Mirabelle (native).. 75 



Moor's Arctic . . . . 75 



Pond's Seedling- ... 75 



Agen 75 



Reine Olaude 



Montmorency — 90 



Damaa bleu 75 



Shipper's Pride .. 75 



Green Gage 76 



Washington ... . . 75 



90 



90 



90 

 75 

 55 



90 

 90 

 75 

 75 

 50 



100 

 90 



90 



75 

 75 



90 

 90 

 75 

 75 

 75 



8. A Oct. 



Aug. 



Sept. 

 Oct. 

 Oct. 



Sept. 

 Rent. 

 Sept. 

 Sppt. 

 Sept. 



d. 

 d.c 

 d. 

 d. 



do. 

 d. 



dc. 



d.c 



d.c. 

 dc 

 d. 



d. 



d. 



dc 



d. 



d. 



vl 

 ml 



1 

 vl 



vl 



ml 

 sm 



vl 

 m 



ml 



8 



vl 

 m 

 vl 



ity. 

 B 



e 

 g 

 vg 



e 



vg 



g 



vg 



f 

 f 

 g 



vg 

 vg 



f 



vg 



e 



ing. 

 75 

 75 

 75 

 90 



90 

 90 



90 



90 



90 

 90 



75 



90 

 90 

 75 

 90 

 90 



Ship. 



ping. 

 50 

 90 

 75 

 76 



90 

 50 



90 



90 



90 

 90 

 90 



90 

 90 

 90 

 75 

 7S 



Dessert. 



50 

 '.5 

 75 

 90 



90 



90 Extra for 



canning. 

 75 V. g. for 



canning 

 90 V. g. for 

 proi?crvcs- 

 50 



50 Varieties im- 

 90Pprtcd from 

 France 1K» 

 -^ and the most 

 f^ generally 

 " cultivated n 

 50 North-Kasti- 

 91^ em Quebec 

 9' on ownroot". 



HARDY APPLES FOR QUEBEC 



Vigor 



.\etraohan 75 



Y. Transparent ... 90 



Peach of Montreal. 90 



Duchess 76 



E. Strawberry .... 50 



Alexander 75 



Longfleld 75 



St. Lawrence .. .. 50 

 Wolfe River .. ..76 



Wealthy 90 



Am. Gold. Russet.. 75 



Bethel 75 



90 

 90 



75 

 75 

 50 

 75 



Tree 



Ha.rdy. Prolific Season 

 75 

 90 

 90 

 90 

 60 

 90 

 90 

 75 

 75 

 90 

 75 

 76 

 90 



9" 

 75 

 75 

 fin 



50 

 90 

 90 

 90 

 50 

 «0 

 75 

 50 

 re 

 90. 

 75 

 50 

 90 

 on 

 75 

 75 

 75 

 75 



Sept. 



Aug 



Sept- 

 .Sept . & Oct. 



Sept. 



Oct. 



Nov.. 



Oct. 

 Nov. -Dec. 

 Dec .-Feb. 

 Nov. -May 

 Nov. -Feb. 

 Oct. -March 

 Oct. -Feb. 

 Oct. -May 

 Oct.-Mny 

 Nov.-T'eb. 



N'%v -■'f-T 



Use. 

 dc 

 dc 

 d. 

 d.c 



d. 



o. 



c 



d. 



d. 



dc. 

 d. 

 d. 

 d. 

 d. 

 d. 

 d. 



c 



Fruit. 



Size. Qualitv. Cook, 

 m g 50 



Ship. Dessert 

 50 75 



1 

 vl 



1 

 m 

 ml 

 m 

 ml 



Fameuee (Snow) 



Mcintosh Red .. 



Roi. Russet . . . 



Scott's Winte'- . 



Winter Arabka 



T tpTi Davis .... ^ 



•In the foregoing tables, in the column headed "use" the '«*<*'• ''^^l.'Xm'^sile'' "rTVr^e 



e 



g 

 f 

 f 

 f 

 f 



vg 



g 

 g 



g 

 g 



vg 



vg 



g 

 g 

 f 

 f 



90 

 75 

 75 

 75 

 50 

 50 

 50 

 75 

 75 

 25 

 50 

 75 

 75 

 IS 

 25 

 75 

 50 



25 

 25 

 90 

 75 

 90 

 90 

 90 

 90 

 90 

 90 

 90 

 90 

 75 

 90 

 90 

 9^ 

 90 



75 

 50 

 SO 

 50 

 50 

 50 

 90 

 75 

 75 

 75 

 75 

 90 

 90 

 90 

 75 

 5" 

 40 



