146 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



June, 1914 



A Productive Strawbeiry Plantation in Britiih Columbia 



This four-acre strawberry plantation, owned by O. J. Wigen, Wyndel, B.C., produced 53,000 

 quarts of strawberries. Mr. Wigen grows Kellogg thoroughbred plant*. (Photo copyrighted by 



The B. M. Kellogg Co.) 



women and girls, thus greatly reducing 

 the cost. 



There i.s much less financial loss from 

 fallen fruits from trees with very low 

 spreading tops, because less droppings 

 and less bruising. 



Low trees permit economy in time and 

 methods of picking. 



Cooperative or wholesale buying of 

 supplies and selling produce helps much 

 in reducing the cost. 



Our friends may expect us to recom- 

 mend the elimination of spraying for the 

 scale by the introduction of scale para- 

 sites (of which much recently has been 

 printed) but we can not yet be sure that 

 in all orchards they will do their work as 

 thoroughly as they have in our own and 

 in hundreds of others we have carefully 

 inspected in Pennsylvania. It is sure- 

 ly worthy of careful consideration. We 

 have discovered and published regardin'g 

 certain entomological conditions, and 

 have been criticised by a few who have 

 been too narrow to understand or believe 

 them, and of course by certain agents of 

 scale-spraying materials. We have seen 

 enough to give firm faith in the adequate 

 reduction of the San Jose Scale by min- 

 ute internal hymenopterous parasites. If 

 any unprejudiced person will come to 

 Harrisburg, Penn., and go with me to 

 see a score or more of orchards that have 

 been cleaned of San Jose Scale by the 

 parasites, and then not agree that these 

 natural agencies have been efficient in 

 suppressing the .scale I am willing to pay 



the expenses of the trip. Hence, our 

 recommendation to "Reduce the cost of 

 production by the application of modern 

 methods." * 



How. Often and When to Spray* 



Prof. L. Caeiar, Provincial Entomologist, Guelph, Onl. 



IT is difficult for one who has not lived 

 in Nova Scotia to advise Nova Scotia 

 growers how often and when to 

 spray. We shall, I believe, all agree 

 on at least two of the applications, name- 

 ly one just before the blossoms burst, 

 beginning with the earliest varieties, and 

 then going right on with the later, and 

 the other just after the blossoms have 

 nearly all fallen, say eighty to ninety per 

 cent, of them off. Without these two 

 in a wet cold May or June no one need 

 hope to control apple scab. One of these 

 is almost as important as the other. 



There will be a difference of opinion 

 as to the other sprayings necessary. I 

 think you should carefully test the value 

 of one earlier application. Try it on at 

 least one-third of the orchard and con- 

 tinue it for at least four or five years, as 

 one year's results are often quite incon- 

 clusive. When this application should 

 be put on is a debatable questiom. If 

 you have oyster shell scale, blister mite 

 or much canker to combat it should be 

 before the buds burst or just as they are 

 ready to burst. If these things are not 

 troublesome I should feel like suggest- 



♦ExtTa«t from an address delivered before the 

 Nova Sootia Fruit Growers' Association. 



in^ that the spraying be done not be- 

 fore but as the buds are bursting, or just 

 after they burst, so that the unfolding 

 leaves may be covered with the spray 

 mixture and protected against scab un- 

 til the application just before the blo.s- 

 .soms open can be given. 



As for any later sprays one must be 

 guided by the weather. I think it pro- 

 bable that it will pay to spray again 

 about ten days after the codling moth 

 spray. It seems to me that better re- 

 sults will be got by not waiting for two 

 weeks as ordinarily recommended, be 

 cause each week after the blos.soms fall 

 the danger of apple scab begins to grow 

 rapidly less and the all important thing 

 is to get the apples safely throiygh June 

 because there is seldom danger in July. 



All are aware that two years ago the 

 injury by apple scab was done chiefly in 

 the latter part of .\ugust and Septem- 

 ber. This injury could have been largelv 

 prevented by an application of spray 

 mixture the last week in August, supple- 

 mented perhaps by another about two 

 weeks later. 



The Production of Gooseberries* 



L. B. Henry, B.S.A., Wino'a, Onf. 



ONE difficulty in growing gooseber- 

 ries is to bring them to maturity 

 without having them become 

 slightly scalded. .\ few hours exposure 

 to a very hot sun will scald them very 

 badly causing the skin to become tough 

 and destroying the flavor of the berry. I 

 remember three years ago we lost quite 

 a quantity of fruit which was exposed in 

 this way. We have one patch of three 

 thousand bushes planted out in the open 

 and that particular year we had them 

 just a little over half picked by a Satur- 

 day night. Sunday was a roaring hot 

 day and as a result we had stewed goose- 

 berries by Monday. You could notice the j 

 cooked odor quite a distance. f 



At the same time another patch of 

 nearly one thousand bushes, just across a 

 lane but planted underpeach trees remain- 

 ed practically uninjured on acount of the 

 shade afforded by the trees. Gooseber- 

 ries seem to require shade for their best 

 growth. Even in England the best and 

 hirgest berries require shade for their 

 best growth. . 



They can be grown in an orchard witn 

 very little extra work as they can be cul- 

 tivated lengthwise when the orchard is 

 worked and a one-horse cultivator can 

 be used crosswise. Two bushes can be 

 planted between the trees in the row. 

 Spraying can be done easily and the pick- 

 ing of them is more of a pleasure than 

 being picked and pricked to small bits in 

 the sun. Our Whitesmith patch under 



•FTtract from an addrees delivered at the last j 



annuaKlon^ntion of the Ontario Fruit Grow- ! 



©rs' Astociation. 



