268 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



November, 1914. 



The Canadian Horticulturist 



COMBINRD WITH 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 

 AND BEEKEEPER 



With which ha« been incurporated 



The Canadian Bee Journal. 



Published by The Horticultural 



Publishing Company, Limited 



PKTKRBORO, ONTARIO 



H. Bronson Cowan Managing Director 



The Only Magazine* in Their Field in the 

 Dominion 



Official Organs of thk Ontario and Quebec 



Fro:t Growers' AsaociATiONs 



and of The Ontario and New Brunswick 



Beekeepers' Associations. 



REPRIiSENTATIVES 



UNITED STATES 

 STOOKWELL'S SPEOIAL AGENCY 

 Chicago Offlce— People's Qa» Building 

 New York Office— Tribune Buildinir- 



HBEAT BEITAJN 

 W. A. IMountstephen, 3 Regent St., London, S.W. 



1. The Canadian Horticnltnxist is published in 

 two editions on the 25th day of the month (pre- 

 ceding date of issue. The first edition is 

 known as The Canadian Horticulturist. It is de- 

 voted exclusively to the horticultural interests 

 of Canada. The second edition is known as The 

 Oanadiau Horticulturist and Beekeeper. In this 

 edition several pages of matter appearinfc in the 

 flret issue are replaced by an equal number of 

 pages of matter rela-ting to the beekeeping in- 

 terests of Canada. 



2. Subscription price of The OanadiaJi Horti- 

 culturist in Canada and Great Britain, 60 cents 

 a year; two years, $1.00, and of The Canadian 

 Horticulturist and Beekeeper, $1.00 a year. For 

 United Statee and local subscriptions in Peter- 

 boro (not called for at the Post Office). 26 cents 

 exrta a year, including postage. 



3. Kemittanoea should be made by Poet Office 

 or Express Money Order, or Registered Letter. 



4. The Law is that subscribers to newspapers 

 are held responsible until all arrearages are 

 paid and their paper ordered to be discontittued. 



5. Change of Address— When a change of ad- 

 dress is ordered, both the old and the oew ad- 

 dressee must be given. 



6. Advertising rates, $1.40 an inch. Copy re- 

 cedved up to the 20th. Address all advertising 

 oorreepondence and copy to our Advertising 

 Hanager, Peterboro, Ont. 



CIRCULATION STATEMENT 



The following is a sworn statement of the net 

 (paid circulation of The Canadian Horticulturist 

 for the year ending with December, 191J. The 

 figures given are exclusive of samples and spoiled 

 copies. Host months, including the sample cop- 

 ies, from 13,000 to 15,000 copies of The Canadian 

 Horticulturist are mailed to i)eoiple known to be 

 interesed in the growing of fruits, flowers or 

 vegetables. 



January, 1913 ....11,570 August. IMS .12,675 



February. 1913 ...11,550 September, 1913 ..13,729 



March, 1913 11.209 October, 1913 15,778 



April, 1913 11,970 November, 1913 .,.12,967 



May, 1913 12,368 December. 1913 ...13,233 



June, 1913 12.618 



July. 1913 12,626 ToUl 150.293 



Average each Issue In 1907, 6,627 

 " " " " 1913, 12,524 



Sworn detailed statements will be mailed 

 upon application. 



OUR GUARANTEE 



We guarantee that every advertiser in this issue 

 is reliable. We are able to do this because the 

 advertising columns of The Canadian Horticul- 

 turist are as carefully edited as the reading 

 columns, and becatise to protect our readers we 

 turn away all unscrupulous advertisers. Should 

 any advertiser herein deal dishonestly with any 

 subscriber, we "will make good the amount of 

 bis loss, provided such transaction occurs within 

 one month from date of this issue, that it is 

 reported to us within a week of its occurrence, 

 and that we find the facts to be as stated. It 

 is a condition of this contract that in writing to 

 advertisers youi state : "I saw your advertisement 

 in The Canadian Horticulturist." 



Rogues shall not ply their trade at the expense 

 of our sul»cribers, who are our friends, through 

 the medium of these columns: but we shall not 

 attempt to adjust trifling disputes between suh- 

 scribers and honourable business men who ad- 

 vertise, nor pay the debts of honeet bankrupts. 



Communications should be addressed 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST. 



PETEBBOBO. ONT. 



EDITORIAL S 



THE LATE DR. WM. SAUNDERS 



The Jate Dr. VVm. Saunders, formerly di- 

 rector of the Dominion Experimental 

 Farms, who died at London, Ont., on Sep- 

 tember 13, 1914, in his seventy-ninth year, 

 was keenly interested in many things, but 

 we believe that in horticulture he had his 

 greatest delijfht during the past thirty-five 

 or forty years. .-Xs a diversion from the 

 confiming occupation of a chemist, he, when 

 a young man, sought the pleasures and 

 benefits that the culture of fruits and 

 flowers brings to those that love them. As 

 early as 186S he began to plant a fruit farm 

 near London Ont., and a committee of the 

 Ontario Fruit Growers' .Association visit- 

 ing this farm in 1873, have, in their report 

 the following words: "The fruit farm of 

 Mr. Saunders in the immediate vie nity of 

 London, is the most extensive in the west- 

 ern portioin of the Province of Ontario. 

 It consists of a hundred acres under the 

 closest fruit culture." 



When the large fruit farm was just be- 

 urinning to profluce a considerable crop of 

 fruit, the management of it became bur- 

 densome and Dr. Saunders therefore sold 

 his farm and purchased a smaller place 

 nearer to the city where, without any 

 thought of making it profitable financially, 

 he could continue to cultivate fruits and 

 flowers in great variety. It was on this 

 smaller farm, especially, that he collected 

 ornamental trees and shrubs in great vari- 

 ety and obtained the knowledge of them 

 and their culture, shown by him in later 

 years, and which enabled him to intelli- 

 gently supervise the work in horticulture of 

 the Dominion Experimental Farms. 



The desire to originate new, and if possi- 

 ble, better varieties, was very strong in 

 Dr. Saunders. He was one of the earliest 

 hybridizers in Canada. He believed that 

 the best way to obtain new varieties of 

 merit was by combining the good qualities 

 of two in one. In 1872 he read a paper be- 

 fore the Ontario Fruit Growers' Associa- 

 tion on "Experiments in Hybridizing," in 

 which he described the methods adopted 

 by him and the results of his work between 

 1868 and 1872. "For five years," he states, 

 "I have been workLig more or less in this 

 interesting field and have experienced some 

 successes and many failures." Beginning 

 in 1868 he made crosses with the gooseber- 

 ry, grape, raspberry and pear, during the 

 next five years. It takes a long time to 

 originate, thoroughly test, propagate and 

 introduce a new variety, and while Dr. 

 Saunders did not live to see all his best 

 things in the hands of the nurserymen, he 

 had the satisfaction of knowing that at 

 least some were well and favorably known. 

 Elsewhere in this issue more about his work 

 is told by his former co-worker, Mr. W. T. 

 Macoun, now Dominion Horticulturist. In 

 the death of Dr. Saunders horticulture has 

 lost one of its best friends and warmest 

 advocates. 



A LESSON FOR ONTARIO 



The cooperative apple growers' associa- 

 tions of Nova Scotia have set an example 

 this year in cooperative marketing which 

 should not be lost on the local associations 

 in Ontario. In Nova Scotia, where practi- 

 cally all the local associations are united 

 through the United Fruit Companies Ltd. 

 of Nova Scotia, the growers have been 



^ible to charter numerous steamship.'^ and 

 ilius to semd their product with the least 

 possible delay to the European markets. 

 They have also sent specia.1 trains of cars 

 loaded with their apples to the westeri 

 markets in record time. By the enterprise 

 thus shown they have triumphed to a very 

 considerable extent over the adverse con- 

 ditions of even such a year as this. 



In Ontario, where there are even mor- 

 local associations than there are in Nov. 

 Scotia and where the apple crop is on 

 siderably larger, only a small portion o; 

 the local associations are united in a cen 

 tral organization. Thus they have been 

 unable to unite their forces to the sam. 

 advantage as have the growers in the east 

 Instead of working together to marki 

 their large crop, Ontario Cooperative A- 

 sociations have been underbidding eac! 

 other, especially on the western market:-, 

 and one association at least has been de 

 tected making false and derogatory state- 

 ments about the pack of other associations 

 In some cases local associations have sold 

 fruit at what has amounted to a loss. 



If this year's experiences lead the On- 

 tario cooperative associations to unite in a 

 large centra] organization, such as con- 

 trols the situation in Nova Scotia, it will 

 be looked back to in future years as a sea- 

 son which marked a great advance in the 

 fruit marketing methods of the province. 

 Even yet, if the local associations will gt t 

 closer together this season, they shoul,: 

 be able to market the remainder of thi 

 crop with advantage to all. 



A NEW SITUATION TO FACE 



Now, that the Panama Canal is rapidly 

 reaching the point of completion and oper- 

 ation, the fruit growers of eastern Canada 

 will soon have some new problems to face. 

 The apples shipped from British Columbia 

 and Pacific Coast States have made a high 

 reputation for themselves on the European 

 markets to say nothing of the oranges and 

 other tender fruit produced in California. 

 The growers of the west have established a 

 name for their fruit in these markets in 

 spite of high railway and shipping charges. 

 The completion of the Panama Canal i< 

 going to greatly reduce the transportation 

 charges on their fruit. To the -extent of 

 this reduction they will be able to compete 

 that much more favorably with the eastern 

 growers for the markets of the eastern coast 

 states and of Europe. 



British Columbia papers recently have 

 been pointing out that while no rates from 

 British Columbia points to Europe have as 

 yet l>een announced, rates from Seattle and 

 Portland to Europe on dried fruits and 

 canned goods will be thirty-seven and a half 

 cents a hundred pounds. .Apples and dried 

 fruits usually go at the same rate, and if 

 thirty-seven and a half cents a hundred 

 pounds is fixed for boxed apples, even with 

 the extra refrigerating charges, Washing- 

 ton growers will save from one hundred 

 and twenty to two hundred dollars a carload 

 on shipments to England and Hamburg. 

 British Columbia growers may expect to 

 obtain rates similarly advantageous when 

 traflSc begins by way of the canal from 

 Vancouver. 



The first effect of the improvement in 

 shipping charges will be to increase the 

 production of fruit in the west. This will 

 constitute the chief danger to the eastern 

 fruit growers. In time, -however, conditions 

 will tend to balance themselves once more, 

 as the final effect of the completion of the 

 canal will be to increase the land values of 

 western orchard land to an extent exactly 

 corresponding with the reduction in ship- 



