276 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



November, 1914. 



Protect Your Fruit 



BY USINQ 



WARNER'S 

 APPLE BARREL PAD 



It cOBts LITTLE ftii.l PAYS BIO 



Manufictured by 



ROSWELL B. WARNER. INWOOD, ONT. 



PEARSON BROS. 



Temple Court, Liverpool, Eng. 



WANT 



YOUR APPLES 



WRITE 



MR. E. PEARSON 



c/o. W. H. GIBSON 



Phone 'i.i r4 

 NEWCASTLE - ONTARIO 



FRUIT MACHINERY GO. 



INGERSOLL, ONT. 



Manufacturers of Fruit Sprayers 



and a complete line of 



Apple Evaporating Machinery 



Our complete POWER SYSTEMS for 



evaporating, when installed by our experienced 

 millwrights are the most practical, sanitary 

 and labor saving to be found anywhere. Our 

 prices and terms always reasonable. 



Write for Illustrated Catalogxte 



GLASS 

 GARDENS 



"MADE IN CANADA" 



With everyone interested in the 

 "Mad© in Canada" movement we feel 

 that we are particularly fortunate in 

 being- able to offer .lust at this time, 

 glass gardens and ereenhouses that are 

 entirely "Made in Canada" by a Cana- 

 dian Company. 



Of course the real question is "are 

 they made as well in Canada?" 



The knowledge and experience of 

 these men, who are connected with the 

 Company, assure that the chai-acter of 

 its work will be equal to any; 



Mr. Isaac Cassidv. formerly of 

 Lord & Burnham Co.. Mr. R. L. 

 D.rbyshire. formerly Canadian 

 Manager of the Parkee Construc- 

 tion Co., Mr. W. J. Keens, of To- 

 ronto, is President. Dr. J. M. Bald- 

 win, late Vice-President of Toronto 

 Horticultural Society. Vice-Presi- 

 dent, and Mr. C. M. Baldwin. Sec- 

 retary-Treasurer. 



It has already under construction 

 two large houses for J. H. Dunlop. of 

 Eichmond Hill, and private cardens for 

 Mrs. G. A. Cox and Mrs. W. R. Williams 

 in Toronto. 



Further particulars or plane and esti- 

 mates will be gladly furnished to any- 

 one interested or they will be welcome 

 to view our methods at the factory. 



GLASS GARDEN BUILDERS, Ltd. 



201 Church St., TORONTO 



of the inspector to see that the fruit is up 

 to the requiremcints of the jfrade mark on 

 the package. In the matter of imported 

 fruit the importer is required to brand the 

 packages in the same way as the packer in 

 Canada, and is responsible for the grading 

 of the fruit. 



In the Province of .Alberta and western 

 .Saskatchewan, the greater portion of the 

 fruit is received from British Columbia 

 and the north-western states, and all such 

 fruit is packed in boxes or crates. Barrels 

 are never used. The careful packing and 

 grading of the fruit from these districts 

 makes the work of inspection much easier 

 than when packed in barrels. 



In the Provinces of Manitoba and east- 

 em Saskatchewan the great bulk of the fruit 

 is supplied from Ontario. Nova Scotia and 

 the central states. The principal package 

 is the barrel, although it is worthy of note 

 that the quality of boxed apples from the 

 east, and especially from Ontario, has 

 greatly increased during the past three 

 years. , 



More time is required to inspect fruit in 

 barrels than when put in boxes, and on ac- 

 count of the pressure which has beem put 

 upon the fruit in packing, great care must 

 be exercised in examining the contents, as 

 any injury to the fruit might lessen its 

 keeping quality. .Although it is the first 

 duty of inspectors to sec that fruit is pack- 

 ed in accordance with the requirements of 



th( Alt. It 1- also their duty to do every- 

 thing possible to promote the interests of 

 the fruit industry. The opportunities for 

 this are probably greater in this district 

 than in any other, because of the fact that 

 more shippers have no opportunity of see- 

 ing their fruit at the receiving end. Infor- 

 mation with regard to the loading of bar- 

 rels, the c:irrying qualities of the different 

 varieties, the most suitable styles of pack- 

 ing, the conditions of the market and many 

 other details of the work are regularly for- 

 warded to the Fruit Branch at Ottawa, and 

 transmitted to the shippers. , 



The work of organization and inspection 

 has for the past two years been in charge 

 of the writer, who has been transferred 

 this season to the Lake Ontario district to 

 fill the vacancy caused by the death of W. 

 W. Brown. Mr. A. H. Flack, who has had 

 many years of experience in the growing 

 and packing of fruit in British Columbia, 

 and who has also been fruit inspector in 

 the cities of Fdmonton and Vancouver is 

 now in charge of the work in the prairie 

 provinces, with headquarters at Winnipegr. 

 The following is a list of the inspectors 

 under his supervision : 



Winnipeg. J. Carman ; Winnipeg Dis- 

 trict, C. Weld; Brandon,, J. H. Fleming; 

 Regina, J. W. Clement; Medicine Hat. F. 

 Metcalf: Lethbi-idee, T. C. McCauley : Cal- 

 gary, M. P. McNeill ; Edmonton, F. H. 

 .Steele; Saskatoon, R. J. Wallace. 



Fruit Jobbers are Organized 



R. M. Winslow, B.S.A., Victoria, B.C., 



Aside from competition, the greatest 

 feature of fruit distribution in the Canadian 

 prairies is the attitude of the fruit jobbing 

 trade to our product. The Fruit Markets 

 Commissioner connected with the Horticul- 

 tural Branch of this Department reports 

 to me seventy-two jobbing and brokerage 

 houses handling fruit in the three prairie 

 provinces. Twenty-nine of these houses 

 are more or less independent of each other 

 and one of the twenty-nine is said to be 

 controlled by the Ontario fruit growers. 

 British Columbia fruit shipping concerns 

 have a total of eight established jobbing 

 and brokerage houses, and of the remaining 

 thirty-five houses, twenty-six are closely 

 affiliated with one organization known as 

 the Nash House or equivocally "The Amer- 

 ican Ring," while the remaining nine are 

 the Scott Houses, which are said to be 

 closely affiliated with the rmg. At any 

 rate these thirty-five houses dominate the 

 situation in Alberta and Saskatchewan, 

 where British Columbia fruit is largely 

 marketed. 



These houses, it is reported are owned 

 by American capital, controlled by Amer- 

 icans, and affiliated with similar fruit dis- 

 tributing houses on the American side. One 

 organization reported to Pe affiliated with 

 the Nash House is one of the largest fruit 

 shippers in the northwestern states. The 

 total capitalization of the Canadian Nash 

 Houses is said to be about two million dol- 

 lars. These houses have buying agencies 

 in Calgary, Edmonton and Alberta, through 

 which most of their British Columbia, and 

 many of their American purchases are 

 made. 



This organization has grown rapidly 

 from comparatively small beginnings of 

 a few years ago, and its rapid growth has 

 been a matter of great concern to British 

 Columbia growers.. Most . certainly the 

 Ring Houses do not encourage less than 

 carload shipments, nor do Hiey have much 

 sympathy with unstandardized fruit. 



Practically all of the fruit Jobbing houses 

 in the prairie provinces are more or less 

 opposed to handling Ontario fruit if there 

 is any prospect of handling western fruit. 



Sec'yi B. C. Fruit Growers' Association 



This prejudice is probably nothing more 

 than a rnatter of fruit packages, but at any 

 rate it is a strong factor in the constant 

 approachment of Pacific Coast fruit, 

 whether Canadian or American, into sec- 

 tions which had largely been supplied by 

 Ontario a few years ago. 



Experience has shown that British 

 Columbia has little to fear from this organ- 

 ization, but the same experience amply de- 

 monstrates that there is safety only in a 

 large and equally strong organization of 

 our own. That requirement is very largely 

 met by the formation of the Okanagan 

 United Growers, which is the central sell- 

 ing agency of nine cooperative packing 

 associations. 



RASPBERRY SHIPMENTS. 



The Mission-Hatzic section in the Lower 

 Mainland is the principal raspberry district 

 we have, and marketed this year about 

 24.000 crates. Up to this year, none of its 

 crop had been handled by houses of the 

 .American Ring, which had gotten their sup- 

 plies from Washington in carloads. To get 

 a better distrilnition and to displace the 

 American raspberries, it was necessary to 

 put our own raspberries into carloads, and 

 to this purpose, the growers of this pro- 

 vince formed the Eraser Valley Fruit 

 Growers' Union, and put their own repre- 

 sentative into Calgary to oversee the mar- 

 keting of their fruit. They shipped eleven 

 straight carloads of raspberries by express 

 to the American House and got excellent 

 satisfaction. Each car displaced an Amer- 

 ican car. The growers are well satisfied 

 with the results and intend to continue and 

 develop and 'perfect their organization for 

 next year along the same lines. 



The prairie farmer demands cheap fruit. 

 He is not particular as to grade, providing 

 the fruit is sound, of reasonable quality and 

 true to description. He has no use for 

 fancy colors, fancy packing, or high prices. 

 The American C. grade meets this aemand, 

 which is at once lower than our No. 1, and 

 higher than our No. 2. To meet the C. 

 grade on equal terms, the Okanagan United 

 Growers are putting out a No. 2 grade 

 which is much superior to our old No 2. 



