December', 1914 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



z8i 



A Promising Young Orchard in tne Trenton, Ont. District 



This orohard, owned by W. A. Fra«er, Trenton, Ont., contains 3,200 trees, the oldest of which 

 were planted four years ago. This section promisee to develop into a great fruit dietrict. 



crop one might expect from trees of 

 different ages. For estimating probable 

 profits the yields from whole orchards 

 should be taken for a series of years, 

 but while, no doubt, many such figures 

 will be available in a few years, few 

 have been published yet, except those in 

 connection with demonstration orchards 

 where mature trees are under test. 



MoINTOSH TTELDS 



The Mcintosh apple comes into bear- 

 ing the sixth year after planting at Ot- 

 tawa. In that year a tree has borne 

 about two eleven-quart baskets of fruit, 

 and by the eighth year nearly a barrel 

 of fruit is borne on a tree. By the tenth 

 year a barrel and a half, by the twelfth 

 year three barrels ; the fifteenth year, 

 four and a half barrels ; the nineteenth 

 year, seven and one-half barrels ; the 

 twenty-first year, seven barrels ; the 

 twenty-third year, six barrels ; and the 

 twenty-fourth year and the year follow- 

 ing, four and three-quarter barrels, or 

 an average during the past two years of 

 nearly five and a half barrels a year. 

 Taking the average per year for nine- 

 teen years during which it has been in 

 bearing, we find the average yield per 

 vcar from one tree has been about two 

 and threc-qu.Trtcr barrels. It would look 

 as if one might safely count on two bar- 

 rels a tree. 



The Duchess apple is one of the most 

 reliable and productive varieties. It be- 

 gins bearing the third year after plant- 

 ing, and by the sixth year the trees will 

 bear nearly a barrel apiece. By the 

 eighth year two barrels, and by the 

 eleventh year more than four barrels, and 

 the maximum crop so far has been reach- 

 ed in the twenty-fourth year, when a 

 yield of over eight barrels was obtained 

 from one tree. One tree bore the fol- 

 lowing crops in thirteen consecutive 

 years, beginning with the eleventh year : 

 Two and one-half barrels, two, three and 



three-quarters, three, four and one-half, 

 three, four, two, four and one-half, four, 

 six, two, and five and one-half barrels. 

 Other trees bear a heavy crop every 

 other year. The average yield per tree 

 from the third year to the twenty-sixth 

 is about two barrels per tree, and from 

 the tenth year to the twenty-sixth, three 

 barrels. 



The Wealthy is one of the earliest and 

 most productive bearers, but it does not 

 become a large tree, and the maximum 

 crops have not been as large as some 

 other varieties. It begins bearing the 

 second or third year after planting. One 

 tree gave us as much as nine gallons of 

 fruit the third year, but as a rule there 

 are only a few apples the second and 

 third years, and most trees do not give 

 more than from three to five gallons the 

 fourth year. The fifth year there is about 

 half a barrel to a tree, although we have 

 had over a barrel on one tree. By the 

 seventh year the trees will be bearing a 



barrel or over, and by the eighth year 

 there has been as high as two barrels 

 on a tree. By the eleventh year, some 

 trees will bear two and a half barrels, 

 and by the thirteenth and fourteenth 

 year from three to four barrels. The 

 highest yield obtained from a Wealthy 

 in one year was five and three-quarter 

 barrels in the twenty-fourth year. The 

 average yield per year from the third 

 to the twenty-sixth year is about a bar- 

 rel and a half. This is a low average 

 compared with some other varieties, but 

 the Wealthy is a small tree, and as a 

 rule bears heavily one year and has a 

 light crop the next, which brings down 

 the average. But from the twentieth to 

 the twenty-sixth year the average is two 

 and three quarter barrels a tree. 



Other varieties could be discussed in 

 the same way. One of the hiRhest yields 

 obtained from any one tree in any one 

 year was from a McMahan which, in 

 the twenty-sixth, which is the greatest 

 age of trees in our orchards, yielded 

 nine barrels. 



In Bulletin No. 376 of the New York 

 Agricultural Experiment Station the 

 yields are given of an acre of Baldwin 

 orchard of trees twenty-seven years old 

 at the beginning of the experiment, and 

 thirty-seven years at the end. For ten 

 years the average yield per tree was 

 4.29 barrels, consisting of 2.91 barrels 

 stock and 1.38 culls and drops. These 

 are the only figures outside of our own 

 for a long period of years that I have 

 been able to find. 



The figures which I have given in this 

 short paper are merely suggestive. What 

 are needed are figures for a considerable 

 number of years from large orchards of 

 a few varieties. It is to be hoped that 

 the provincial demonstration orchards 

 throughout Ontario will later on publish 

 this information. 



A 



Peach 



W. A. McCubbin, 



LL peach growers are more or less 

 familiar with the exudation of 

 masses of gum from the peach 

 tree, a phenomenon which is as natural 

 to the peach as the flow of blood from a 

 wound in the human body, and which in 

 like manner occurs when the tree is cut 

 or injured in any way. I mention this 

 in order to bring out the distinction be- 

 tween this general flow of gum from in- 

 juries and a. disease which should pro- 

 perly be termed a canker. It is true 

 that cankers are usually accompanied by 

 a copious gum flow, but gum Is also ex- 

 uded from cuts, brui.ses, cracks, and 

 borer holes, none of which are, rightly 

 speaking, cankers. I shall, therefore, 

 use the term canker in its more correct 



•An address delivered at the recent annual 

 convention of the Ontario Pmlt Growers' Asso- 

 ciation. 



Canker 



St.SCatharines.' Ont. 



sense to apply to those unsightly open 

 sores on the trunk and limbs of peach 

 trees, which are due primarily to the 

 death of the bark and the growing tissue 

 beneath it, and which are extended from 

 year to year by the dying of fresh zones 

 of tissue at the edges. 



Although this disease cannot be con- 

 sidered as of so serious a nature as yel- 

 lows and little peach, it is sufficiently 

 important to warrant attention. The 

 damage done by cankers each year in the 

 peach districts of Ontario is far greater 

 than is generally known. Not only is 

 there a great destruction of individual 

 limbs by them, but whole trees are often 

 destroyed by cankers developing on the 

 trunk or around the crotch, and it is 

 common to see trees of which a half or 

 a third has been lost by the formation of 



