42 



GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE 



it, once, in the home of a relative. As I 

 remember it was a little brush of sharp 

 steel wires. Can any one tell us where to 

 get the implement? 



SWEET CLOVER THE SUBSOILER. 



We clip the following from Farm and 



Fireside : 



Sweet clover is one of the best miners we have. 

 Few plants develop root systems equal to those of 

 this plant. Judge Quarton said so when pointing in 

 Farm and Fireside .to the growth of sweet clover on 

 his farm. But sometimes we need to see for our- 

 selves. Grantham, of Delaware, has made a com- 

 parison. He says: 



" A year ago sweet clover, alfalfa, and mammoth 

 red clover were sown side by side in oats. Owing 

 to the lateness of the season, and wet condition of 

 the ground, the oats were not seeded until April. 

 When the oats were harvested the sweet clover had 

 made a growth of 18 inches, the alfalfa 10 inches. 



and the mammoth red clover about 5 inches. On 

 August 1 a number of plants of each of the legumes 

 was dug up, care being taken to remove the roots 

 with as little damage as possible. The dry, hard 

 condition of tile soil prevented tlie remo\al of the 

 roots of the alfalfa and sweet clover to their full 

 length. The sweet-clover roots were fully twice the 

 length and size of the alfalfa roots. The root de- 

 velopment of sweet clover during a period of ninety 

 days, when grown with a nurse crop of oats, indi- 

 cates the value of the plant as a subsoiler and its 

 bearing on soil improvement. 



The soil on which the legumes were grown is a 

 clay loam, and produced 50 bushels of oats per acre 

 this year." 



Besides this evidence in favor of sweet clover we 

 must remember that the sweet-clover roots, quick in 

 growth as they are, are likewise quick to rot. Con- 

 sequently they do not make the trouble that alfalfa 

 roots do at plowing time, and some say they equal 

 alfalfa roots as soil-enricliers. And yet sweet clover 

 is not esteemed «s is alfalfa. Why ? Perhaps we 

 have used neither of them as much as we should, 

 and so do not fully appreciate either of these crops. 



TEMPERANCE 



" NATION WIDE " PROHIBITION NOT SO " DIS- 

 ASTROUS ■''' AFTER ALL. 



The following, which we copy from the 

 Jacksonville Times-Union of Nov. 19, comes 

 pretty near being the most convincing argu- 

 ment for absolute prohibition I ever came 

 across. Can the Ohio Anti-saloon League 

 find anything better to give the people in 

 the present crusade than this? Just think 

 of cutting off a " revenue " of five hundred 

 millions at one stroke, and in one day, and 

 instead of " disaster " great good came at 

 once. Read the following: 



COMPLETE PROHIBITION IN EFFECT THROUGHOUT 

 THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE. 



Petrograd, Nov. 18. — Actual and complete prohi- 

 bition is in force to-day throughout the entire Rus- 

 sian empire ; and not a drop of vodka, whisky, 

 brandy, gin, nor any other strong drink is obtainable 

 from one end to the other of an area populated by 

 150,000,000 people, and comprising one-sixth of the 

 habitable globe. 



In every foot of Russian territory the word prohi- 

 bition is taken literally. It does not mean a par- 

 tially successful attempt to curtail liquor consump- 

 tion, resulting in drinking in secret places, abuse 

 of medical licenses, and general evasion and subter- 

 fuges. It does mean that a vast population who 

 consumed $1,000,000,000 worth of vodka a year; 

 whose ordinary condition has been described by 

 Russians themselves as ranging from a slight degree 

 of stimulation upward, has been lifted almost in one 

 day to sobriety. 



On that day, when the mobilization began, police- 

 men visited every public place where vodka is sold, 

 locked up the supply of liquor, which is almost pure 

 alcohol, and placed on the shop the imperial seal. 

 Since the manufacture and sale of vodka is a gov- 

 ernment monopoly it is not difficult to enforce pro- 

 hibition ; and from the day the shops were closed 

 drunkenness vanished. 



The results already are seen in the peasantry. 

 They are beginning to look like a different race. 

 Marks of suffering, the pinched looks of illness and 

 improper nourishment, have gone from their faces. 



Their clothes are cleaner, and both men and women 

 appear more neatly and better dressed. Homes of 

 the poor, formerly destitute, now present something 

 like order and thrift. 



In Petrograd and Moscow the effect is fairly start- 

 ling. On holidays inebriates always filled the police 

 stations and often lay about in the streets. To-day 

 unattended women may pass at night through por- 

 tions of these cities where it formerly was dangerous 

 for men. Minor crimes and misdemeanors have 

 almost vanished. 



This miracle virtually has been accomplished by 

 one man. He is Michael D. Tchelisheff, a peasant 

 by birth, originally a house painter by profession, 

 then mayor of the city of Samara, and now a 

 millionaire. Physically he is a giant, standing over 

 six feet four inches. Although 55 years of age, his 

 movements display the energy of youth ; his eyes are 

 animated, and his black hair is not tinged with gray. 



In Petrograd Mr. Tchelisheff goes about clad in 

 a blue blouse with a tasseled girdle and baggy 

 black breeches tucked in heavy boots. He offers 

 his visitors tea and fruit. 



Speaking to-day to a representative of the Asso- 

 ciated Press of what he had accomplished for sobri- 

 ety in Russia, Mr. Tchelisheff said: 



" I was reared in a small Russian village without 

 schools. I picked up an education from old news- 

 papers and stray books. One day I chanced upon 

 a book which treated of alcohol. It stated that 

 vodka was poison. I was so impressed, knowing 

 that everybody drank vodka, that I asked the first 

 physician I met if the statements were true. He 

 said yes. I decided to take every opportunity to 

 discover more about the use of vodka. 



" At the end of the eighties there came famine in 

 Russia followed by agrarian troubles. I saw a 

 crowd of peasants demand from a landlord all the 

 grain and foodstuffs in his granary, and I noted 

 that every man who was taking part in this incident 

 was a drinking man, while their abstemious fellow 

 villagers had sufficient provisions in their own 

 homes. 



" At Samara I decided to do more than passively 

 disapprove of vodka. At this time I was an alder- 

 man. Many tenants in my houses were working 

 men. One night a drunken father in one of my 

 houses killed his wife. Then I decided to fight 

 vodka with all my strength. 



