GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE 



Capt. Sanders and his all-metal extractor wlucli he de.signcd in 1875. 



(-apt. Sanders has kindly loaned this 

 machine to the A. T. Root Comjaany, and it 

 may be seen in the compan3''s exhibit at llie 

 San Diego exposition. Beekeepers should 

 be sure to see this machine when attending 

 the fair, for it not only sliows the inventive 

 genius of Capt. Sanders, but also soraetliing 

 which has a place in the early history of 

 the beekeeping industry of the state. Many 

 extractors of Ihis type were made at San 



Diego, and used in the early days in that 

 section. The second machine was made for 

 Mr. Clark of the firm of (Jlark & Harbison. 

 While Capt. Sanders was not the first to 

 make an all-metal extractor, he deserves a 

 place among inventors, because of the initi- 

 ative he has shown. Capt. Sanders prizes 

 this machine very highly, as it is the only 

 relic of his beekeeping days he has retained. 

 Redlands, Cal. 



EXPERIENCES WITH QUEENS AND THEIR INTRODUCTION 



BY W. M. SMITH_, B. A. 



As much has been written touching on 

 the introduction of qucHins by the smoke 

 method it would seem useless to discuss it 

 further. However, as this is the lime of the 

 year when such problems are perplexing 

 the minds of beginners, and as I' am situat- 

 ed in a novel position, living at the very 

 western edge of the continent, and have 

 been continually importing queens from the 

 p]ast, my experience in their introduelion 

 might be instructive, or at least interesting 

 to others. 



Some years ago when T staried inirDdiu-- 

 ing new blood into my original native si oclc, 



new problems stood in my way. Queeiis 

 from the opposite side of the coiivinenl 

 were, up to the year 1913, introduced by 

 tlie cage plan. This worked with indiffer- 

 ent success, if they were introduced before 

 the end of the honey-flow which ends in 

 July with us. But when attempted later, in 

 September or October — that is, after the 

 honey-llow had entirely ceased- -there was 

 invariably a large loss running as nigh as 

 80 per cent. 



When the smoke method was brought 

 forward with such enthusiasm J natu]'ally 

 accei)led it as a ])anacea for all my trou- 



