Feb. 5, 1903. 



THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 



87 



capped, but more than that from capped combs. The per- 

 centage also varies with the season. Honey containing- 

 more than the normal percentage of water, not only is thin 

 and unattractive, but readily ferments. These results and 

 the experience of our best bee-keepers show that honey 

 should not be extracted until all or at least partlycapped. 

 It should then be exposed as little as possible to the air. and 

 unless sealed perfectly should be kept in a dry place. If 

 these simple rules be followed it will keep indefinitely. 



Prof. Shutt showed the result of his experiments in 

 three charts. 



EXPERIMKXTS ON STORAGE OF HONEY — 1902. 



Percentage of Water. 



Honey as extracted from capped comb 1.5.88 



, ( Ilonej' exposed to dryiatmosphere one month . . 14.24 



( Honey exposed to moist atmosphere one month 31.46 



jj ( Honey exposed lo dry atmosphere 20 days 13.84 



( Hooey exposed to moist atmosphere 30 days 48.33 



A — Honey in glass cylinder. 

 B — Honey in open flat dish. 



WATER IN HONEY — 1901. 



I'lIERK KEPT. 



Honej -house. 



Cellar 



Hooey-house. 

 CeUar 



( Iloney-house. 



Part .' Cellar 



capped 'i Hoaev-honse. 

 ( Cellar . . .■ 



( Honey house. 



Un- .1 Cellar 



capped i Honey-house. 

 ( Cellar 



BOTTLE 

 CLOSED 

 WITH. 



G.S. 

 CC. 

 GS. 

 CC. 



G.S. 

 CC. 

 G.S. 

 CC. 



G.S. 

 CC 

 G.S. 

 CC 



PERCENT- 

 AGE 

 OF WATER. 



15,40 

 15.89 

 16.95 

 15.84 



19.12 

 20.68 

 20.63 

 21.03 



19.24 

 18.25 

 22.09 



WATER IN HONEY — 1902. 



i Laboratory . . 



Capped-' Honey-house. 



'^'^ I Laboratory . . 



' Honey-house. 



1 Laboratory . . 



Part ' Honey-house. 



capped 'i Laboratory . . 



' Honey-house. 



1 Laboratory . . 

 Ua- 1 Honey-house. 



G.S. 

 CC. 

 ■G.S. 

 CC. 



G.S. 

 CC. 

 G.S. 

 CC 



Aug. 7th Nov. 6th 



16.58 

 15.33 

 15.31 

 15.90 



16.33 

 17.56 

 16.18 



Mr. Holtermann — These results are very important. 

 The}' should be placed in the hands of buyers to teach them 

 the proper care of honey. 



Mr. Heise — When the weight of honey increases by the 

 absorption of moisture, does the bulk also increase ? 



Mr. Darling — We know that it does by the way honey 

 in comb swells out against the capping when in a damp 

 place. 



By motion of Messrs. Gemmill and Holmes, a vote of 

 thanks was tendered Prof. Shutt and Prof. Creelman, for 

 the instructive and inspiring manner in which they had 

 addressed this convention. 



SUPPLYING MOISTURE IN A DRY CELLAR. 



" Is it advisable to supply moisture in cellar-wintering 

 in the case of a very dry cellar ?" 



Mr. Holtermann — There is more danger from a dry cel- 

 lar than from a moist one. A bee-cellar should have a wet- 

 and dry bulb thermometer to test thj matter. 



Mr. Holtermann thought the air should be almost sat- 

 urated. He would like to see the matter thoroughly tested. 

 In the cellar where he is wintering his bees the fresh air 

 passes first through a small room where there is a stove to 

 warm it slightly if necessary. When he considers the cellar 

 too dry he sets two buckets of water in the room, with a 

 blanket extending from one to the other in such a manner 

 that it is kept soaked with water. This exposes a large 

 surface of moisture to the dry air, which takes up the water 

 and itself becomes moist. 



Mr. Dickenson thought a damp cellar all right. 



Mr. Sibbald prefers a dry cellar, but can make any cel- 

 lar dry if it.is large enough to partition off a room for the 



bees. This seems to make the bees' compartment dryer. 

 Where possible, he has a hole in the ceiling for ventilation, 

 then piles straw and chaff, or sawdust, over it to keep the 

 air from escaping too rapidly. 



Mr. Post experimented with the hygrometer in his cel- 

 lar last winter, and decided that 2 degrees between the wet 

 and dry bulb thermometer was about the right thing. 



EXTRACTING-COMBS FROM A FOUL-BROODY COLONY. 



"Is it safe to use again extractingcombs that have 

 been used over a colony slightly affected with foul brood, 

 said combs having been over a queen-excluder and have 

 never had brood in them ?" 



Mr. McEvoy said it was perfectly safe for a skilled man 

 who understood all the conditions ; but he thought it better 

 always to err on the safe side. 



RELIQUKFVING HONEY IN GLASS JARS. 



"How liquefy honey which has granulated in glass 

 jars ?" 



Have a large pan to reach clear across the stove with a 

 slatted frame to hold the bottles. Loosen the corks. As 

 soon as the honey is liquefied seal it up again while yet hot. 



MOVING BEES ON SLEIGHS. 



"Is there much risk in moving bees on sleighs in 

 winter?" 



Mr. Holtermann told of buying bees in New York State 

 in the fall of 1901. They were hauled to the train on 

 sleighs, shipped to Brantford, and hauled on wagons to the 

 apiary. They stood ten days in the yard, but as the 

 weather remained cool they were put into the cellar without 

 a cleansing flight. Any one can imagine the condition 

 they were in ; in the abdomen of each bee was a globule of 

 watery feces — the first stages of dysentery. Mr. Holtermann 

 raised the cellar temperature to 72 degrees, Fahr., for two 

 weeks, until the bees, upon examination, were found to 

 have these globules literally dried out of them. He then 

 lowered the temperature to about 40 degrees, Fahr., and 

 kept it as near there as possible the rest of the winter. No 

 dystentery appeared, and the bees came out in good shape 

 in spring. 



In the evening W. Z.Hutchinson's paper, on " Com- 

 mercial Organization," was read by the Secretary, after 

 which the members banqueted in the dining hall of the 

 Queen's Hotel. 



THURSDAY MORNING. 



The report of the committee on honey exchange was 

 read by W. A. Chrysler, as follows : 



ONTARIO HONEY EXCHANGE. 



This Association shall be called " The Ontario Honey 

 Exchange," and a commercial part of the Ontario Bee- 

 Keepers' Association, and shall include in its jurisdiction 

 the Province of Ontario, with such additional territory as 

 from time to time may be found feasible to organize. 



Its object is to establish a reliable and fair market 

 price for the product of its members, the more proper dis- 

 tribution of honey, and to establish, when advisable, foreign 

 and distant Canadian markets. 



The main officers of the Exchange shall consist of five 

 Directors elected by the members of the Ontario Bee-Keep- 

 ers' Association at each annual meeting, and to hold office 

 for one year, and shall direct all business of the Exchange. 



As soon as elected they shall elect from their number 

 a President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, and Busi- 

 ness Manager, who shall be known as officers of the Ontario 

 Honey Exchange. 



They will choose a location and obtain by rental or 

 otherwise, a suitable office and warerooms in some central 

 city, that shall be known as headquarters. 



They shall, where feasible, appoint one or more per- 

 sons to organize each district that is not already organized 

 into a District Bee-Keepers' Association, and should be 

 affiliated with the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association. 



To all such affiliated societies instructions shall be 

 given from the main office for the collecting and forward- 

 ing of honey, beeswax, etc. 



The local affiliated societies may elect from their num- 

 ber, called a local manager, who shall be made responsible 

 to the local association, and that to the main office for all 

 moneys and goods he may be entrusted with. 



It shall be the duty of the local association to appoint 

 their secretary or local manager, to obtain statistics of 

 honey, bees, etc., in his district, when called upon by the 

 General Manager to do so, and shall include other informa- 



