Xll CONTENTS. 



The change of volume in two liquids which mix through a 

 membrane is the result of chemical affinity modifying 



capillary attraction ... ... ... ... ... 40 



Effect of evaporation on liquids confined by membranes ... 42 



Views of MAGNUS on Endosmosis... ... ... ... 43 



Remarks on his theory ... ... ... ... ... 44 



The nature of the membrane has an important influence... 47 



Unequal attraction of membranes for different liquids ... 48 

 The action of two liquids, separated by a membrane, is 



equivalent to pressure, unequal on opposite sides '. . . 51 

 Causes which influence the mixture of two liquids se- 

 parated by a membrane ... ... ... ... ... 57 



These causes produce, in the animal body, absorption of 



the fluids of the intestines into the blood 59 



Effects of drinking water and saline solutions of different 



strengths 60 



Influence of the cutaneous evaporation on the motion of 



the animal j uices ... ... ... ... ... ... 64 



Experiments ... ... ... ... ... ... 65 



Influence of the atmospheric pressure ... ... ... 68 



Water passes through membranes more easily than air does 70 



Experiments on evaporation through membranes ... ... 71 



Importance of the cutaneous transpiration... ... ... 73 



By it the fluids acquire a motion towards the skin and 



lungs 74 



Effects of dry and moist air and of elevation on the health 75 



Causes of the efflux of sweat ... ... ... ... 76 



Fishes die in air, because the due distribution of the fluids 



is prevented ... ... ... ... ... ... 77 



Experiments of HALES on the motion of the sap in plants ib. 



This motion is caused by evaporation ... ... ... 79 



Force with which the sap rises ... ... ... ... 80 



The atmospheric pressure is the active force ... ... 81 



The sap absorbs gases ... ... ... ... ... ib. 



The evaporation supplies food to the plant ... ... 83 



Influence of suppressed evaporation on hop-vines 84 



