LIQUIDS CONFINED BY MEMBRANES. 43 



of the bladder ; the alcohol remains in the bladder. 

 As yet, we are acquainted with no substance which 

 can replace the bladder in this operation ; and 

 indeed the affinity of the gelatinous tissues. (mem- 

 branes, &c.) for water must exceed that of all other 

 animal tissues, since a rise of temperature, of a few 

 degrees only, suffices to enable water to dissolve that 

 tissue perfectly into a jelly. 



MAGNUS assumes, " that the particles of every views of 

 solution, for example, of a salt in water, adhere 

 more strongly to each other than do those of the 

 solvent, for example, of water; consequently, the 

 solution would be less fluid, and pass with greater 

 difficulty through very narrow openings, than water, 

 if we take for granted that the parietes of the 

 openings act alike towards both. It would follow 

 from this, that, the more concentrated a solution, 

 the less easily would it pass through the same 

 openings." 



" Let us now try," pursues MAGNUS, " with the 

 aid of these assumptions, (which, as appears from 

 the experiment Fig. 1, are perfectly accurate and 

 demonstrable for many saline solutions, although 

 there are, according to the researches of POISEUILLE, 

 a number of exceptions*) to explain the phenomena 

 of Endosmosis." 



" Both the brine and the water will penetrate 

 into the pores of the bladder, and brine will pass 



* Ann. de Ch. et de Phys. 3rd series, xxi. pp. 84 et seq. 



