SYNOPSIS OF BIRD LIFE 7 



further east), Chestnut-collared Longspur, McCown's Longspur, 

 Baird's Sparrow, Lark Bunting, and Sprague's Pipit. 



Southern Birds Breeding in the Pseudo- Carolinian, along the South- 

 eastern Border of Minnesota, but Not Regularly 

 Elsewhere in the State 



Red-bellied Woodpecker, Field Sparrow (north to Isanti 

 County), Prothonotary Warbler (north to Isanti County), Blue- 

 winged Warbler, Louisiana Water-Thrush (north along St. Croix 

 River to Taylor's Falls). . 



The Following Northern Birds Occur Regularly as Permanent Resi- 

 dents in the Canadian or Evergreen Forests of Northern Min- 

 nesota but Further South Are Winter Visitants, 

 Stragglers, or Absent 



Canada Spruce Partridge, Great Gray Owl, Richardson's Owl, 

 Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker, American Three-toed Woodpecker, 

 Canada Jay, Northern Raven, Purple Finch, Red Crossbill, Pine 

 Siskin, and Hudsonian Chickadee. 



Thus it will be seen that Minnesota as a whole affords a varied 

 field for the ornithologist and that a study of its birds in any one 

 locality is but a fragment of the complete story. 



STATISTICS AND MANNER OF OCCURRENCE OF MINNESOTA BIRDS 



The total number of different kinds of birds that are known at 

 the present time to occur regularly in Minnesota is two hundred 

 and sixty-two species, ten of which are represented by one additional 

 subspecies and one by two, making twelve additional subspecies. 

 To this number are to be added thirty-three species and nine sub- 

 species that are rare or accidental, six species that formerly 

 occurred but are no longer found, two introduced species, and 

 four species the present status of which is unsettled, making a 

 complete list of three hundred and seven species and twenty-one 

 subspecies. In addition to this list thirty-four species and three 

 subspecies have been attributed to the state by' various authors, 

 but the evidence of their occurrence is unsatisfactory (Hypothet- 

 ical List). 



An analysis of the regular list of two hundred and sixty-two 

 species and twelve subspecies shows the manner of their occur- 

 rence to be as follows: thirty-one species and four subspecies are 

 Permanent Residents, that is they are represented throughout the 



