N attire s Intclh'g'ence 105 



it to refer, in a general way, to the unmistakable 

 indications of a sense of guilt and shame; of 

 forbearance and magnanimity; of chivalrous de- 

 fense of the weak; of generosity to each other 

 and to man; of integrity in the discharge of their 

 trusts; to their long remembrance of and dispo- 

 sition to avenge ill treatment which they have 

 received, and to reward kindness by confidence, 

 affection, and service; their grief over the loss of 

 human friends, so poignant as in some instances to 

 result in death ; their wailing and tears on the death 

 of their kindred ; their pride, love of admiration, 

 delight at approbation from each other and from 

 man; their clear ideas of a right of property in 

 their homes. No definition of moral faculties can 

 be framed that will not include the faculties in the 

 lower animals which manifest themselves in such 

 phenomena. 



The moral faculties of the lower animals voice 

 themselves in language and tones as nearly identi- 

 fied with the language and tones of man as the 

 physical conformation of the organs of speech will 

 permit. Anger, defiance, alarm, fear, affection, 

 sorrow, pain, joy, exultation, triumph, derision, are 

 heard in all their modulations in the voices and 

 modes of expression of birds and quadrupeds; lan- 

 guage well understood by man, and better under- 

 stood among the several tribes, each of which 

 speaks an idiom of its own. 



The most of the passions and emotions named 



