402 APPENDIX II. 



particle of manure, and apply manure only when the soil is 

 exhausted. The Japanese husbandman never breaks up a plot 

 of land, unless he possesses a small stock of manure, which he 

 may invest in the ground ; and even then he only cultivates this 

 new plot to the extent his supply of manure will permit. This 

 rational proceeding shows the deepest insight into the nature of 

 the system of agriculture to be pursued with a reasonable pros- 

 pect of securing a constant succession of remunerative crops. 

 No other illustration can so clearly show the difference between 

 our European way of viewing the matter and the Japanese. 

 We, in Europe, cut down the trees on a forest plot, sell the 

 timber, grub up, plough and till the ground, and then proceed 

 to dispose of the productive power of the new soil, in three 

 cereal crops, obtained without the least supply of manure ; or 

 we may possibly assist in accelerating the exhaustion of the 

 groimd by a small dose of guano. All that this course of pro- 

 ceeding is calculated to accomplish is, that we have now to 

 distribute the manure hitherto produced on our estate over a 

 somewhat more extended surface than formerly. When the 

 Japanese husbandman breaks up a plot of ground, he finds a 

 virgin soil, the productive power of which he has not the least 

 intention of impairing. He therefore, from the very outset, 

 takes care to establish a proper balance between crop and 

 manure, expenditure and income, maintaining thus intact the 

 productive power of the ground, which is all that can reasonably 

 be attempted by any rational husbandman (' Annal. der 

 Preuss. Landwirthschaft,' January, 1862). 



APPENDIX H (page 247). 



We would earnestly recommend all inquiring travellers in 

 other parts of the world, to endeavour to ascertain, above all 

 things, what are the proportions of the annual produce of the 

 various cereals and cultivated plants raised in a continued suc- 

 cession of crops on immanured soil of different kinds in the 

 same place, and under the climatic influences of widely differing 

 degrees of latitude. In so far as the author has been able to 



