500 APPENDIX. 



every part and climate of America. Arc the climates of America difFerent 

 fromthoreol ihe other continent ? Or whence is it that t':ie connexion 

 ■which takes place beiwctn clirxia'cs and color in the o'.h.'r parts of the 

 globe, is not to be found amoup the Indians ? This curious pHencjiiienon 

 'has occasioned much ii.quiry and fpeculanon : Can thecau'esof it be found, 

 in the obfervaiions which have been already mentioned ? 



1. The Indian color is v^^j-yevidentl) the m;xiu.e of black and red. The 

 color, which an intenfe heat produces, upon all bodiea to which i' is ap- 

 plied, is blatk : And it is as naiuial to expeft it fhoi'l.-' have this eff-ft uoon- 

 the human bodv, as upon any orher bodi-'S. The color wMc is prodijced 

 upon he human bodi, by living m'Jch in 'he open air, txpo'cd t > »he in- 

 fluence of the fuii and wind, is red. The white men who livf; in fuch a 

 fituatiort, alwavs conira£l this coior. Tha' pail of their bodies, wiiieh is 

 expofcd to the influence oFthe iun and wind, bfcotncs of a reddifti color : 

 or as it is commonly exprefled, tliey become tanned, c fun hurnt ; that is, 

 they acquire a color formed by a mixture of red and white. Thii influence 

 of the wind and fun, in producint; the red complexion, is found to be 

 much the fame in fummer and winter : The while man is nearlv ao nnucH 

 and as foon tanned, in the winter as in the fummer It fecms thi'iefore 

 that the production of this red color, does no' depend upon climate, heat, 

 or cold, but upon h^^ltil ; the habit of livirjg in tiie open air. and having 

 the body expofed to the cor:(lant influence of the fun and wind. The In- 

 dian color then feems to have been formed by the mixture of two difFerent 

 colors, black and red ; and to have been derived from two powerful cauf- 

 es, climate and huhit : Cau'es diilintl from one another, a: d the latter pro- 

 ducing peailv the fame cffcfl in every climate. 



2. f his color of the Indians was probably complete! v formed, wheii 

 they firft came into .-Vmetica. They were of the fame color as the Indians, 

 and fouthern Tartars in Alia; and appear to have been defcended frohi 

 them. Their color therefore was completely formed and fixed, before 

 they came into America. This color feems to have beea derived from the 

 warm climate of .' fia ; and from the habit of iiving coiftaiuly expofed to 

 the fun, and to the open air. Tfie colorthus formed and fixed, they would 

 naturally convey to their offspring. ArdaStliere were no other people 

 with whom they could have any intercourfe, there could be no change or 

 alteration of color, produced by a rnix;;ure of parents of different complexr 

 ions. Their color therefore muH have been fettled, and uniform : And 

 the whole c if .-ft of population muft have been to fpread, propagate, and 

 preferve it. The ctfcft of climate then upi-n the Indian in America, would 

 hot be to produce and tonn his color ; but eiviier to preferve, or to change it. 



the fame in every part of Ameiics. An accurate and inquifitive obferver, 

 M. de le Pinto, who ccmmand^d for fcveral years at Maiajroffa, a Fortu- 

 gucfe fettkmcnt in the interior parts of Brazil, where the Indians are nume- 

 rous, and nit altered by their intercourfe v/ith the Europeans, noted a dif- 

 ference in thtir complexions : " They are all of a copper color, with fomc 

 • divcrfity of (hade, not in proportion to their diflance from the equator, 

 but according to the dc^ife of elevation of the territory which they inhabit. 

 Thofe who live in a biyii countiy arc fairer than thofe in the marfhy, low 

 lands on the coai'b." — Robertlvo's Hilf. Amer. I. 460. On the northwelt 

 part of the Atnfrican continent, it has been found, that " the complexion 

 of the Indians is Jifjfltcr than that of the fouthern Indians, and fomc of 

 their women have 'oiy cheeks." — Morfc's Geog. 1. gg. lo^j. Edit. 1793. 

 Of the Indians of Paraguay we have this account : " They are generally ot 

 an olive compltxion, iome darker, others lighter, and fome as while a-' 

 ■'"i" Spaniards." — Ibid. p. 8;. 



