502 APPENDIX. 



in houres. have a fixed place of refidenccand have much difufed the cudoiii 

 f of paints and oils ; and their complexion differs much from that of the 

 tribes who yet remain in their ancient and original ftate. I'he redrlifhcaft 

 is abated. The tawny afpcft appears more dull, pale, and clouded, The 

 crimfon mixture has difappeared, and they have approximated much near- 

 er to the color nf the hunter among the whites, than the tribes who retain 

 their ancient cuftoms and habits. This change of color in the Ind.ans who 

 have lived long amonf; the whites, is apparent to commcn obfervation. 

 And it is apparently derived from the change in their manners, cuftoms, 

 and habits. This change of the Indian complexion, clearly fhows what 

 has been the effcft of cuftom and habit. 



6. In the northern parts of America, there are permanent phenomena, 

 which will (crve alfo to (how what has been the effeft of climate. The 

 Efquimaux in the northern parts of America, are a people remarkably dii- 

 ferent from the Indians, which occupy the other parts of ^he continent. 

 There is not much room to doubt, but that they were derived from the 

 r.orthweft parts of Europe ; arc the fame people with the Greenlanders, 

 Laplanders, Zemblans, and Samojeds ; and like them, were defcended 

 from the Tartars in the eaft. Their defcent then was probably from the 

 fame nation as the Indians. But while the Indian tribes have by cuftom, 

 preferved their red complexion, the Efquimaux have acquired a fallow 

 olivt. or brownifh color ; more inclining to the European whitenefs, than 

 to the brownifh red of the American. To what caufe can we afcribe the 

 lighter color of this branch of the Tartar race, but to their more northerly 

 and frozen fituation ? They have adopted the fame cuftoms and habits, as 

 the Indians. They rub and anoint their bodies, with greafe, the fat of the 

 feal, and train oil ; and are ai filthy as the Indians. Not only fo, but they 

 drink the fat of the feal, and th«ir train oil, and efteem it the moft pieafant 

 liquor. Can it be doubted what muft be the effeft upon their color ? Ic 

 operates againft the influence of climate, in that part of the earth where 

 climate operates moft powerfully to produce a white complexion. The 

 influence of the two caufes is divided, but the balance is in favor of cli- 

 mate, and the European complexion. Thus in two very extenfive and 

 numerous kinds of men, derived from the fame nation, climate, cuftom, 

 and habit, in one part of America, have produced or preferved the dark 

 crimfon of the Indian ; but in the moft northerly and frozen parts of the 

 continent, the fame caufes have eftablifhcd the fallow olive color of th« 

 Efquimaux, more refembling the European whitenefs, than the Indian red. 

 Upon a careful attention then, to the colors and cuftoms of the original in- 

 habitants of America, the ohenomena feem to confirm the general connec» 

 tion which has taken place between climate and color, in the various parts 

 of the other hemifphete. 



This part of the natural hiftory of man, feems to be but very imperfeftly 

 nnderftood. The great difiiculty that attends it, is the want of ancient and 

 accurate accounts. It does indeed feem to be pretty well determined, that 

 Uie color of the white man is eafily; and foon changed, to a dark complex- 

 ion ; And that the color of the Indian is changeable, into a lighter com- 

 plexion. But no relations which I have feen afford the fame information, 

 refpcfting the changes of the African black. Nor can I find any phenomena 

 or accounts which ferve toafcertain the matter, and put it out of all doubt, 

 whether tliere has been any change in the color of the negroes, which havff 

 been brought into any part of America. ?s or is it certain that any fuch appa- 

 lent alteration of the negro color, ought upon any hypothefis to have been 

 e.xpefted, in the courfe of four or five generations. And yet, until fome 

 «( thefe fafls fhall be afcertaioed, we can hardly expe6t that the laws •£ 



