20 THE LESSON OF EVOLUTION 



Vermont, at about 500 feet below the base of the 

 Cambrian, he obtained fragments of a Trilobite and 

 another so-called Pteropod Salterella. In Con- 

 ception Bay, Newfoundland, a patelloid shell 

 Aspidella terranovica and worm tracks have been 

 found in rocks underlying uncomformably the 

 Cambrian. And the Annelid (?) tubes of the 

 Torridon sandstone in north-west Scotland as well, 

 probably, as the worm burrows in the quartzites of 

 Holyhead, in Anglesey, must also be referred to the 

 Algonkian. 



Just below the base of the Cambrian a more varied 

 fauna occurs in two different parts of the world. In 

 the Salt Eange of the Punjab, Dr. Fritz Noetling 

 has shown that there are four fossiliferous zones 

 underlying the Olenellus fauna. These he calls (1) 

 the Neobolus zone, (2) the Upper Annelid Sand- 

 stone, (3) the zone of Hyolithes, and (4) the Lower 

 Annelid zone. Also Dr. G-. F. Mathew has des- 

 cribed what he calls the Protolenus fauna from St. 

 John, New Brunswick. It contains thirteen species 

 of Trilobites, belonging to six genera, as well as 

 Ostracoda ; six genera of pelagic Gastropoda , three 

 of sponges, and two of Foraminifera. Dr. Mathew 

 points out that the Trilobites of this fauna can be 

 distingushed from those of Cambrian by having con- 

 tinuous eyelobes, and he says that the fauna as a 

 whole is more primitive and more pelagic in 

 character than the Olenellus fauna. 



Nevertheless, as the Olenellus fauna has not been 

 found in the neighbourhood, he thinks it possible 

 that the two might be contemporaneous, and that the 



