LATEE LIFE ON THE EAKTH 63 



another migration from Armenia into Southern 

 Eussia gave rise to the Sclavs and Kelts. 



Origin of Civilisation. We learn from the records 

 of the Lake Villages that the first animal to be 

 domesticated was the dog ; then successively the ox , 

 the goat, the sheep, the pig; and, last of all, the 

 horse. Agriculture came later. 



It it hard to realise the slowness and difficulty uf 

 the transition from the state of the hunter to that of 

 the shepherd, and from that of the shepherd to that of 

 the husbandman. Wild animals must have become 

 difficult to procure before the trouble of taming 

 them would be undertaken, and necessity must have 

 been very pressing before the shepherd would dig up 

 his pasture , and tie himself down to one spot to wait 

 for the harvest. It was long after this that he dis- 

 covered how to make use of metals. 



Gold and copper, as they exist in an uncombined 

 state, were first noticed ; and tin-ore, which is heavy 

 enough to attract attention and is easily reduced, 

 was afterwards melted with the copper, and bronze 

 was produced ; the proportions of the two metals 

 being nearly always nine of copper to one of tin. 

 The bronze implements were cast in moulds cut in 

 stone or made of hardened clay, and their edges were 

 hammered fine and polished with stone. The far 

 more difficult art of making and tempering iron 

 arose probably in Eastern Asia ; but the discovery is 

 comparatively modern. Iron was unknown to the 

 ancient Egyptians, to the Assyrians, and even to the 

 inhabitants of Troy ; and the earliest mention we 

 have of it is in about B.C. 1600, when Thothmes III. 



