MENTAL PROCESSES 209 



and the greater part of our duty to man. (4) Ad- 

 miration ; or love of the beautiful ; from which 

 come reverence and religion. We admire a thing 

 and try to imitate it, or to express the delight it 

 gives us ; and this gave rise to poetry and the 

 fine arts. (5) Curiosity ; the source of wonder. We 

 wonder at a thing and try to understand it ; and 

 this is the foundation of our love of truth, which 

 has developed into philosophy and pure science. 



By means of the faculty of reason we co-ordinate 

 these motives, control the emotions, and so prevent 

 ourselves from taking one-sided or exaggerated 

 views. Two or more simple ideas are compared, a 

 compound idea arises, and a judgment or wish is 

 formed. For this memory is necessary. These 

 wishes lead to actions, the strongest motive pre- 

 vailing. Actions are thus partly due to inherited 

 instincts, and partly to the new ideas which have 

 accumulated in the brain since birth. These mental 

 processes are found both in animals and in man. 



But man has the further power of forming abstract 

 ideas, or concepts, for which it appears self -con- 

 sciousness is necessary ; and language is necessary 

 to reduce them to order (as we must name the con- 

 cepts before we can compare them). These pro- 

 cesses have largely developed the imagination, that 

 is, the faculty of bringing before the mind ideal 

 pictures of different things. Imagination has given 

 us two additional methods by which new ideas 

 originate : (1) by intuition, that is, the formation of 

 original ideas not due to experience ; and (2) by 

 forming new combinations of old ideas and experi- 



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