240 THE LESSON OF EVOLUTION 



abandoned by reasonable men. The position of the 

 scientific monist is indeed incomprehensible, as a 

 little consideration will shew. The molecular 

 changes in the brain caused by sensations are called 

 neuroses, and neurosis is the faculty of making them. 

 Psychoses are the concomitant changes in conscious- 

 ness, and the term psychosis may be applied to the 

 faculty of reading or interpreting the neuroses. 

 Now the scientific monist affirms that neurosis and 

 psychosis are identical. That the printer of a book 

 and its reader are one and the same person. 



The opinions held by the scientific monists do not 

 appear to have been arrived at by an analysis of the 

 evidence, but have been assumed as a necessary truth. 

 It was in the same way that Aristotle, in his proof 

 of immutability and incorruptibility of the heavens , 

 assumed that all celestial movements must be cir- 

 cular. This assumption has involved them in the 

 following difficulties : 



1. They have to explain how two things ap- 

 parently so different as mind and matter can be 

 merely conditions of a single element. 



2. They have to explain the origin of life : why 

 mind is only associated with protoplasm, and why 

 dead protoplasm can never come to life again. 



3. They have to account for the moral sense in 

 man. For logical monists must be determinists and 

 fatalists. 



These difficulties arise from the monists arbitra- 

 rily assuming that everything has been developed 

 from a single element or principle. The dualist is 

 freed from these difficulties. He knows that mind 



