242 THE LESSON OF EVOLUTION 



unless it has fallen completely under the control of 

 memory. The proof of this is the continual progress 

 which distinguishes organic from inorganic evolu- 

 tion. 



5. In mental phenomena action and reaction are 

 not equal and opposite. The same motive does not 

 always produce the same action ; and the strength 

 of the will varies. Free-will is found not only in 

 man, but to some extent in all living organisms. 

 Mind therefore is lawless, or rather, it only obeys 

 laws of its own making. This is quite incompatible 

 with the idea that it is a form of physical energy, 

 or that it is derived from physical energy. 



Lastly, let us see what objections Professor 

 Haeckel makes to dualism. On page 58 of his book 

 he says ' ' not a single empirical proof can be ad- 

 duced to shew that either of these [energy and 

 matter, or spirit and material] can exist, or become 

 perceptible to us by itself alone." The latter is, of 

 course, true, because we cannot perceive anything 

 except through the mind. But that matter exists 

 without mind is our ordinary experience. This is 

 all he has to say on the subject ; and he passes on to 

 formulate two old objections to theism. The first 

 of these is (p. 72) that nature is not perfect : that 

 there is much misery and crime in the world. And 

 the second (p. 73) is the w r aste in nature. 



On these I will only remark that all the arguments 

 against the goodness of God are based on the idea 

 that man does not possess free-will. If free-will 

 is allowed, the argument falls to the ground. With 

 reference to waste in nature, we must remember 



