68 



BOTANY. 



pounded which cannot be discussed here. It is probably a very complex 

 process. Root pressure and transpiration both play a part, or at least can be 

 shown, as we have seen, to be capable of lifting water to a considerable height. 

 126. Synopsis of tissues. 

 Epidermis. 



Epidermal 

 system. 



Fibrovascular 

 system. 



Fundamental 

 system. 



Trichomes 

 (hairs). 



Xylem. 



f Simple hairs. 

 Many-celled hairs. 

 Branched hairs, often stellate. 

 Clustered, tufted hairs. 

 Glandular hairs. 

 I Root hairs. 

 Guard cells of stomates. 



Spiral vessels. 

 Pitted vessels. 

 Scalariform vessels. 

 Annular vessels. 

 Wood fibres. 

 - Wood parenchyma. 

 Cambium (fascicular). 



f Sieve tubes. 

 Phloem. \ Bast fibres. 



[ Bast parenchyma. 

 Cork. 

 Parenchyma. 



Ground tissue. 

 Interfascicular cambium. 

 Medullary rays. 

 Bundle sheath. 



Sclerenchyma (thick-walled cells, in nuts, etc.). Collen- 

 chyma (thick-angled cells, under epidermis of succulent 

 stems). 



Demonstration 22.* 



127. If it is desired that the pupils examine under the microscope the dif- 

 ferent elements of the epidermal and fundamental system, the teacher can 

 make or procure sections to illustrate them. The pupils can then study and 

 make sketches to illustrate the structures. 



Material. Leaves of stored celery, the older ones with rather tough 

 petioles, and considerable leaf surface; or caladium leaves with long petiole 



This demonstration may well be omitted- 



