LIVERWORTS. 



145 



places grow into well-formed plants. As the th'allus lives from 

 year to year and continues to grow and branch the older por- 

 tions die off, and thus separate plants may be formed from a 

 former single one. 



242, Buds, or gemmae, of marchantia. But there is an- 

 other way in which marchantia multiplies itself. If we exam- 



Fig. 124. 



Archegonial receptacles of marchantia bearing ripe sporo- 

 gcnia. The capsule of the sporogonium projects outside, 

 while the stalk is attached to the receptacle underneath the 

 curtain. In the left figure two of the capsules have burst 

 and the elaters and spores are escaping. 



Fig 125. 



Section of archegpnial receptacle of Marchantia polymorpha ; ripe 

 sporogonia One is open, scattering spores and elaters; two are 

 still enclosed in the wall of the archegonium. The junction of the 

 stalk of the sporogonium with the receptacle is the point of attach- 

 ment of the sporophyte of marchantia with the gametophyte. 



ine the upper surface of such a plant as that shown in fig. 127, 

 we shall see that there are minute cup-shaped or saucer-shaped 



