23O BOTANY. 



Mesocarp; where there is an intermediate zone it is the 



mesocarp 



I. CAPSULE (dry fruits). The capsule has a dry pericarp 

 which opens (dehisces) at maturity. When the capsule 

 is syncarpous the carpels may separate along the line of 

 their union with each other longitudinally (septicidal 

 dehiscence] as in the azalea, or rhododendron; or each 

 carpel may split down the middle line (loculicidal dehiscence] 

 as in fruit of iris, lily, etc. ; or the carpels may open 

 by pores (poricidal dehiscence), as in the poppy. 

 Follicle; a capsule with a single carpel which dehisces 



along the ventral, or upper, suture (larkspur, peony). 

 Legume or pod; a capsule with a single carpel which 



dehisces along both sutures (pea, bean, etc.). 

 Silique; a capsule of two carpels, which separate at 

 maturity, leaving the partition wall persistent (tooth- 

 wort, shepherd 's-purse, and most others of the mustard 

 family) ; when short it is a silicle or pouch. 

 Pyxidium or pyxis the capsule opens with a lid (plantain). 



II. DRY INDEHISCENT FRUITS; do not dehisce or separate into 



distinct carpels. 



Nuts; with a dry, hard pericarp. 

 Caryopsis; with one seed and a dry leathery pericarp 



(grasses). 

 Achene; with pericarp adherent to the seed (sunflower and 



other composites). 



III. SCHIZOCARP; a dry, several-loculed fruit, in which the 



carpels separate from each other at maturity but do 

 not dehisce (umbel liferae, mallow). 



IV. BERRY; endocarp and mesocarp both juicy (grape). 



V. POME; mesocarp and outer portion of endocarp soft. and 



juicy, inner portion of endocarp papery (apple). 



VI. DRUPE, OR STONE FRUIT; endocarp hard and stony, 



exocarp soft and generally juicy (cherry, walnut); in 

 the cocoanut the exocarp is soft and spongy. 



