v. ] SKELE TON OF L WER LIMB. 1 9 1 



pubes are at their maximum of relative size in the Tortoise, 

 where each develops a large process ending freely, like the ilio- 

 pectineal eminences or marsupial bones of Mammals. 



In Tailed-Batrachians the ilia are represented by rib-like 

 bones which articulate each with one or at most with two 



FIG. 163. RIGHT SIDE OF PELVIS OF FROG. 



//, ilium ; is, ischium ; /, pubis. The three bones meet at the upper margin of 

 the acetabulum. 



vertebrae. In the Frogs and Toads the ilia are very peculiar, 

 being extremely elongated, and meeting together posteriorly 

 above the acetabula in an iliac symphysis. In spite of the 

 superficial resemblance between the limbs of man and the 

 Frog, the pelvic structures are thus singularly different. 



FIG. 164. The two Ossa Innominata of the Angler-fish (Lophhcs}, showing the 

 ascending processes which simulate ilia. The fin-rays are attached to the 

 outer-ventral margin of each os innominatum. 



It is not probable that any solid representative of the ilium 

 exists in Fishes, but in the Angler (Lophius) the os innomi- 

 natum sends up a process simulating somewhat the ilium, as 

 does the innominate cartilage in the Chimaera. 



The ilium of an animal may closely resemble its scapula 

 in shape, as in the Tortoise and Chameleon. 



The so-called pubis of Reptiles may answer to the ilio- 

 pectineal eminences, or possibly to the marsupial bones, 1 of 

 Mammals. A small bone attached to the front of the pubis 



1 For these bones see below, p. 194. 



