203 ELEMENTAR Y ANA TOMY. [LESS. 



first row. They may coalesce with the metatarsals, as is the 

 case in Birds, the Chameleon, and in Bradypus. Almost 

 always short, these bones may yet, as in the Insectivore 

 Rkynchocyon, be lengthened somewhat, while the proximal 

 bones are not so. 



The ento-cuneiforme presents characters which differ inte- 

 restingly from man's, in species which are closely allied to 

 him. Thus the articular surface for the first metatarsal, 

 instead of being flat, as in him, becomes convex even in 

 the Gorilla, and completely saddle-shaped in the Lemurs, 

 as also in the prehensile-footed Marsupials, e.g. the Pha- 

 langers. 



A strong tubercle may project from the middle of the 

 inferior margin of the tibial surface, as in Lemur. 



The ento-cuneiforme is much the largest of the three 

 cuneiform bones in the Seals, but it may be quite wanting, as 

 in the Ox and Sheep. 



It may coalesce with the meso-cuneiforme bone, as in the 

 Horse and in Hyla palmata, or with the ento-cuneiforme also, 

 as in the Alligator Indus. 



The meso-cuneiforme, instead of being as in man, may be 

 relatively very much smaller than the other cuneiforms, as 

 in the Armadillos called Encoubert and Cabassou, but it is 

 never very much larger. 



It may anchylose with the second metatarsal, as in the 

 Chameleon and Bradypus. 



As has been said, it may coalesce with one or both of the 

 other cuneiforms in certain Reptiles. 



The ecto-cuneiforme may enormously preponderate over 

 the other cuneiforms, as in the Horse. It may, on the con- 

 trary, be decidedly smaller than the ento-cuneiforme, as in 

 the Seals. 



It may coalesce with the third metatarsal, as in Birds, the 

 Chameleon, and Bradypus ; with both the other cuneiforms, 

 as in Alligator Indus j or with the meso-cuneiforme only, as 

 in Rana escnlenta. It maybe the only distinct representative 

 of the cuneiforms, as in Bnfo bifurcatus. 



This and the meso-cuneiforme may be the largest bones of 

 the tarsus, as in Pygopus lepidop:is. 



The single condition in which the cnboides exists in man 

 is universal in his class, unless sometimes in the Ornitho- 

 rhynchus, where it is said to be represented by two bones, as 

 is certainly the case in some Batrachians, e.g. in Salamandra 

 and the Axolotl. 



