VIIL] THE MUSCLES. 283 



general considerations, however, will be more profitable after 

 a review of the muscles as they exist in man, and of the 

 more interesting and significant deviations from his structure 

 which may be found in other animals. 



The viscera-skeletal system of muscles consists of muscular 

 fibres placed on the walls of the alimentary canal, and in a 

 variety of tubes and organs (such as the heart, bladder, &c.), 

 to be hereafter noticed in describing such parts. 



5. It may be useful and convenient in this book to adopt 

 the order usually followed in describing man's anatomy. The 

 MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK will therefore come 

 first. 



FIG. 261. SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE HEAD: RIGHT SIDE. 



i, anterior part of occipito-frontalis ; i', its posterior portion ; 2, orbicularis palpe- 

 brarum ; 3, levator labii superioris et alae nasi ; 4, levator labii superions ; 

 5, zygomaticus minor ; 6, zygomaticus major ; 7, depressor anguli oris ; 8, 

 platysma myoides ; 9, masseter ; 10, orbicularis oris; n, anterior auricular; 

 12, attollens auriculam, or superior auricular; 13, retrahentes auriculam ; 14, 

 buccinator; 15, trapezius ; 16, sterno-mastoid ; 17, splenius ; 18, transversalis 

 nasi ; 19, levator menti. 



Occipito-frontalis is the name applied to a thin flat muscle, 

 divided into two fleshy parts, or bellies. One of these is 

 placed in the occiput and another over the orbits, and the two 

 are connected by a wide aponeurosis which covers the top of 

 the skull and passes immediately beneath the skin. 



Three little muscles, termed respectively the attollens 



