THE MUSCLES. 307 



A muscle bends the toes, called \h& flexor longus digitorum 

 pedis, arising behind the tibia below the popliteus. It ends 

 in a tendon which passes behind the internal malleolus and 

 beneath the calcaneal arch, and then divides into four ten- 

 donsone for each of the four outer digits at their distal 

 phalanx, each perforating in its passage a tendon of the 

 flexor brevis digitorum. 



The long flexor is connected with a small muscle called 

 flexor accessorius, which passes to the tendon of the flexor 

 longus digitorum from the calcaneum. 



The flexor longus pollicis pedis springs from the posterior 

 surface of the fibula and the interosseous membrane. It 

 ends in a tendon which passes behind the internal malleolus, 

 grooving the tibia, astragalus, and calcaneum. In the sole 

 it gives off a tendinous slip which joins the tendon of the 

 flexor longus digitorum, and then ends by being inserted into 

 the distal phalanx of the hallux. 



The tibialis posticus arises from the hinder surface of the 

 tibia (below the popliteus) and from the interosseous mem- 

 brane. It ends in a tendon which first passes beneath the 

 internal malleolus along a special groove, and then beneath 

 the calcaneum, to be inserted into the tuberosity of the 

 naviculare and the first metatarsal. 



14. The MUSCLES OF THE FOOT, besides the flexor acces- 

 sorius already noticed, consist of the following : 



The abductor pollicis pedis, which arises from the inner 

 side of the calcaneum, and is inserted into the inner border 

 of the first phalanx of the hallux. 



^^ flexor brevis digitorum (or perforatus) arises from 

 the great tuberosity of the calcaneum and from membrane, 

 and ends in four tendons corresponding with the four smaller 

 toes. Each tendon is inserted into the second phalanx of a 

 digit, but splits opposite the proximal phalanx of the same 

 digit in order to allow a tendon of the long or perforating 

 flexor to pass through. 



The abductor digiti minimi springs from the outer border 

 and under surface of the calcaneum, and ends in a tendon 

 inserted into the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit. 



The lumbricales, like those of the hand, arise from the 

 tendons of the perforating flexor, and are respectively inserted 

 into the base of the first phalanges of the four outer toes. 



The flexor brevis pollicis pedis springs from the cuboides 

 and ecto-cuneiforme, and is inserted into the inner and outer 

 borders of the first phalanx of the hallux. 

 X 2 



