496 ELEMENTAR Y ANA TOMY. [LESS. 



(30) That all four heads of the flexor brcvis digit orum 



pedis arise from the os calcis. 



(31) That the fibular interosseous muscle of the second toe 



of the foot arises from the middle metatarsal on the 

 dorsal side of the tibial interosseous muscle of the 

 middle toe. 



(32) The absolute size of the brain. 



(33) The greater complexity and less symmetrical disposi- 



tion of its convolutions. 



(34) The smallness of the canines and the absence of an 



interspace between them and the adjoining teeth. 



(35) That the permanent canine is cut before the second 



true molar teeth. 



25. A perusal of the list of characters given in the nine 

 preceding paragraphs must manifest to the beginner in 

 anatomy how small and insignificant are the characters 

 which separate man's structure from that of other members 

 of his class, compared with those which distinguish him from 

 Birds and other yet inferior groups. 



Viewed from the anatomical standpoint, man is but one 

 species of the order Primates ; and he even differs far less 

 from the higher Apes than do these latter from the inferior 

 forms of the order. 



This work being purely anatomical, it is only needful here 

 to remind the reader of what common sense teaches us 

 that to estimate any object as a whole, its powers of action 

 no less than its structure must be taken into consideration. 



The structure of the highest plants is more complex than 

 is that of the lowest animals ; but for all that, powers are pos- 

 sessed by jelly-fishes of which oaks and cedars are devoid. 



The self-conscious intelligence of man establishes between 

 him and all other animals a distinction far wider than the 

 mere superiority of his brain, in mass and complexity, or any 

 other physical difference, would indicate. 



All, however, who admit the idea of man's moral responsi- 

 bility are logically compelled to go much further, and to con- 

 fess that in this respect he is separated from the rest of the 

 visible creation by an abyss so vast that no chasm separating 

 the other kingdoms of nature from one another can be com- 

 pared with it. 



Evident, then, as it is from the teaching of anatomy that 

 the various parts of the human body have a classificatory 

 value indicating the zoological position of the whole struc- 



