26 



APPLE. 



[CHAP. 



apocarpous (monocarpellary). The flower of the Pea 

 may be described : Calyx inferior, gamosepalous; corolla 

 polypetalous, irregular ; stamens perigynoiis, decandrous, 

 diadelphous ; pistil sitperior, apocarpous (monocarpellary}. 

 5. BRAMBLE (BLACKBERRY). The calyx at first sight 

 appears to consist of five distinct sepals, but closer ex- 

 amination will show that these are coherent below, and 

 that the calyx is really gamosepalous. As there is no 

 adhesion to the pistil, it is inferior. The corolla is regular 

 and polypetalous, the stamens are polyandrous, and, as a 

 vertical section of the flower will show, perigynous, being 



FIG. 15. Vertical section of a flower of Bramble. 



inserted upon the calyx. The pistil is superior and 

 apocarpous, presenting neither cohesion between its 

 carpels nor adhesion with the calyx. Calyx inferior, 

 ganwsepalous ; corolla polypetalo^ts, regular j stamens 

 perigynous, polyandrous; pistil superior, apocarpous 

 (polycarpellary). 



6. APPLE or PEAR. Either will serve. Make, first of 

 all, a vertical section through the centre of a flower. You 

 observe of the calyx that not only is it gamosepalous, by 

 cohesion of its sepals, but that its tube is adherent to the 

 pistil (ovary). It does not matter to us at present how 

 the tube of a calyx originates ; whether from the union of 

 sepaline leaves, or by an outgrowth of the margin of the 

 peduncle itself, in other words, whether it be essentially 

 foliar or axile. The consequence of this adhesion is, that 



