ivj COW PARSNIP, 27 



the calyx appears to spring from above the ovary. 

 Hence it is termed superior. The corolla is regular 

 and polypetalous. The stamens, inserted upon the 

 calyx, are perigynotis and polyandrous, the pistil (ovary) 

 is infericr, and its carpels appear to be coherent. (See 



FIG. 16. Vertical section of a flower of the Apple. 



page. 1 5 1.) The flower of the apple may be described, 

 therefore: Calyx superior , gamosepalous ; corolla regu- 

 lar, polypetalous ; stamens perigy nous, poly androtts; pistil 

 syncarpous, ovary inferior* 



7. Cow PARSNIP or CARROT. Either of them will do. 

 The cut represents the first-named. The calyx is almost 

 entirely adherent to the ovary, the free portion (limb) 

 being reduced to a mere rim. It is gamosepalous and 

 superior. The corolla is polypetalous and regular, or, in 

 the outer flowers, irregular. Owing to the complete ad- 

 hesion of the calyx to the ovary, the stamens appear as 

 though inserted upon the top of the latter ; hence they are 

 termed epigynous. They are five in number (pentandrous). 

 The pistil is syncirpous, as indicated by the two short 



* When the term " inferior," or "superior," is applied to a 

 flower absolutely, it is understood to refer to the ovary, denoting 

 its relation, as to adhesion, with the calyx only. We have all 

 grades intermediate between the inferior and the superior ovary, 

 as we find all degrees of adhesion, from complete adhesion to 

 complete freedom. 



