v.] ARUM. 41 



of filaments, which represent abortive staminate flowers. 

 The flowers of the lower ring (p} consist each of a 

 pistil only, and each pistil consists, apparently, of a 

 single carpel. 



The upper ring (st.} consists of a number of stamens 

 very densely packed, each stamen representing a single 



b. st. 



FIG. 30. Barren pistillate flower 

 of same. 



FIG. 29. Spadix of Arum, 

 the sheathing spathe be- 

 ing removed. st. sta- 

 mens, reduced to nearly 

 sessile anthers, b. st. ru- 

 dimentary" \ stamens. /. 

 pistils, b. p. barren (ru- 

 dimentary) pistils. 



FIG. 31. Single stamen of same, 

 with four-celled anther opening 

 by pcres at the top. 



flower. Each stamen, moreover, is reduced to its anther, 

 the cells of which open by a little pore at their tips. Thus 

 the structure of the flowers of Arum is of the very simplest 



kind: calyx o; corolla o 



stamen I, pistil o; 



stamen o, pistil of a single carpel. 



2. SPOTTED ORCHIS. The calyx is coloured like the 

 corolla, and consists of three sepals, which are coherent, 



