88 THE FRUIT. [CHAP. 



the Strawberry, chiefly differing in the receptacle, which 

 is concave instead of convex. 



FIG. 63. Vertical section of flower of Rose, slewing the carpels 

 enclosed in a deeply concave receptacle. 



Besides the forms of fruit which we have enumerated, 

 there are a few others so distinct in character as to merit 

 special names and descriptions; but, as these are con- 

 fined to certain groups of plants, they may be suitably 

 noticed when we come to speak of the general character 

 of the respective groups in Part II. 



The prevalent forms of fruit, the structure of which 

 should be thoroughly understood, are as follow : 



SIMPLE FRUITS (resulting from a single flower). 



Achene, apocarpous, dry, indehiscent, usually one- 

 seeded (Buttercup, Rose, Strawberry). 



Follicle, apocarpous, dry, dehiscent by ventral suture 

 (Columbine, Larkspur). 



Legume, apocarpous, dry, dehiscent by both sutures 

 (Pea, Whin, Broom). 



Nut, properly syncarpous and indehiscent, the pericarp 

 usually hard and bony (Hazel). 



Drupe, usually apocarpous, succulent, indehiscent and 

 one-seeded, with the inner layer of the pericarp stony 

 (Cherry, Almond, Peach). 



Berry, syncarpous, succulent, indehiscent, several- or 

 many-seeded (Gooseberry, Currant, Grape). 



Caps-it Ic, syncarpous, dry, dehiscent (Primrose, Chick- 

 weed, Tulip, Orchis, Violet, Horse Chestnut). 



