ROSACES. 



[CLASS 



The species of this Order agree in their perigynous 

 stamens, which are usually indefinite; the polypetalous 

 corolla (absent in Sanguisorbeae), prone to become 

 "double" at the expense of the stamens, as in the 

 Ranunculus Family; and the essentially apocarpous 

 fruit. In Pomaceae, represented by the Apple, the fruit 

 is inferior and apparently syncarpous; but if it be cut 

 across it will be seen that the carpels scarcely cohere to 

 each other, though immersed in, and bound together 

 by, the succulent enlargement of the so-called calyx-tube. 

 It is therefore spitriously syncarpous. 



OBSERVE the passage of branches into spines in the 

 Hawthorn (Cratcegus) and Blackthorn (Prunus): the 

 prickles of Rose and Blackberry : the epicalyx of Black- 

 berry, Strawberry (Fragaria\ and some other Rose??, 





FIG. 107. Fruit of Blackberry. FIG. 108. Single drupel of same. 



resembling an outer row of sepals : the definite stamens 

 of Lady's Mantle (Alchemilla) and Burnet, the former 

 with i -celled anthers. 



Compare the number of carpels and form of iruit in 

 Cherry [i carpel, fruit a dittpe]; Lady's mantle [i carpel, 



FIG. 109. Transverse section of an Apple. 



